Trends and Issues in Education

Future Needs Change Current Issues and Trends in Education Historically education has changed over the years to meet the needs of children, and their ever changing mold. Society and governance has changed over history to save children from abuse, starvation, and provide educational opportunities but has not completely succeeded in these areas within minority classes. The educational gap between whites, blacks, and Hispanics is astoundingly large. This gap extends to healthcare, gun violence, criminal activity, and poverty. Since 1979, gun violence has ended the lives of 110,645 children and teens in America† (â€Å"State of america's,† 2011). Gun violence is not a new issue to the United States. It can be dated back to the first presidential assassinations and the â€Å"old west†. Gun violence has escalated into religious and political assassinations up to school massacres starting with the Columbine shootings. The United States’ is not successfully helping our youth with gun prevention. In 1994 the federal government passed The Youth Handgun Safety Act which prevents juveniles from possessing firearms or ammunition.That same year they passed The Gun-Free Schools Act which prevents firearms on school campuses and requires LEA’s to a referral service of those students caught with a firearm (1996). Although the government has enacted these laws gun violence has escalated. According to The State of Americas Children â€Å"3,042 deaths of children and teens from gunfire in 2007 alone nearly equaled the total number of U. S. combat deaths in Iraq through July 2011 (3,480)† (â€Å"State of america's,† 2011 ). Their data also shows that 11 children or teens die daily from gun related problems.It also states that even though there are fewer black boys in America they are more likely to come into a fatal blow with a firearm. African American males are more likely to die from a gunshot blow than any natural cause of death ( 1996). The sad issue here is that most of these minorities are the product of poor communities. The need to feel important can be a huge determining factor for these young males, and their need to be accepted into a group. Intervention programs need to be more readily available for these poverty areas. Every 34 seconds a child is born into poverty† (â€Å"State of america's,† 2011). America has made significant advancements in technology, civility, and postmodernism but is still stuck in a time warp from the ‘70s when it comes to poverty. Today’s youth still face the poverty epidemic they faced 40 years ago. The demographic of poverty has changed due to the changing face of America, but the epidemic remains the same. Poverty affects a child’s educational performance and opportunities as well. The schools funds are rooted in property taxes.Most students of poverty live in areas with low property taxes and therefore school funding is low. Instead of th e government making sufficient shifts in funding to give intervention opportunities and professional development, the time warp remains. Teachers come into education unaware of the issues poverty throws on its children. The government has â€Å"tried† to solve the educational poverty issue with No Child Left Behind. This act hides behind the blanket of all children are equal, but the truth is they are not.If they were then all children would have the same opportunities. There would be programs in place for summer enrichment to help stop the loss of information they experience during the summer. Poverty also shows itself in the minority groups and their graduation success rate. In 2006–07, 7. 7 million students attended poverty schools 33 percent African American and 35 percent Latino (â€Å"Child poverty in,† 2006). Only half of the African American male population actually graduates high school. Poverty is the root that bears down to hold on to generation after generation.If society does not change its ways of informing families and students then our society is going to keep falling behind. In order to make minority groups more successful in education, we are going to have to inform them on the statics of graduation, what is needed to graduate, be able to identify at-risk students, and show them the next step, college. If students have a vision of what is next, they can envision themselves on that path. My personal experiences help me and inhibit me in my understanding of the future of our youth. The fact that I grew up in poverty helps me see the need for intervention.If I was not exposed to the interventions that my school had in place then I would not have had the visions for what I needed to be successful. The downfalls to the interventions were that they were only for those A students. I was exposed to the next step because I did well in school. My mother and father were not high school graduates but pushed and showed that education was important. Though I grew up in poverty, I lived in the suburbs. This inhibits me with gun violence to a certain sense. The only gun violence I was exposed to was the untimely death of a classmate because he was playing with a handgun.I am not familiar with street gun violence, the need to be in a gang or the readily available hand guns. This kept me from seeing the issue of inequality until I reached the classroom as a teacher. I became a teacher in ’07 in an inner city school. My familiarity with growing up in poverty helped me connect with my all black classes. I knew when they first saw this â€Å"white lady† they would feel no connection but that quickly changed. They figured out that we had more in common than they thought. I used my experiences of the unknown to keep them from having the same unknowns.I may have no idea of the fear they live in with constant gunfire in their streets at night, I do understand the long, dark path that they see in front of them with no light to guide them through the goals they have rooted in them. I try to provide a spark in the beginning that will eventually lead to an ever burning light that shows them there is no dark place, that success is theirs. They can do and be anything they strive to be. Diligence and will are the keys to success. As an educator I have to stay educated on the adverse society we live in and the proven strategies that will help me be successful to keep my students successful.Our future needs a change in education, in poverty, and in thought. Technology is a beautiful tool, but our country has its hands in the wrong pocket. Taking from education is only hindering our future economic success by filling our prisons and emptying our school desks. Gun violence is being used by our youth as a tool for change but this change is a life altering change in the wrong the direction. Having politicians without educational background guiding our educational realm will continue to lead it into a hurricane of destruction.References (2009). African americans and education. Retrieved from http://naacp. 3cdn. net/e5524b7d7cf40a3578_2rm6bn7vr. pdf Aldridge, J. , & Goldman, R. (2007). Current issues and trends in education. (2nd ed). Boston: Pearson Education. (2006). Child poverty in america. Retrieved from http://www. fightpoverty. mmbrico. com/facts/america. html (1996). Reducing Youth Gun Violence:, Retrieved from https://www. ncjrs. gov/pdffiles/redyouth. pdf (2011). State of america's children. Retrieved from www. childrensdefense. org

International Journal of Water Resources Development Essay

This paper investigates the use of inland waterways on three continents-Asia, Europe, and North America with an in-depth focus on the transportation of agricultural, industrial and energy products. It is found that there are great variations on the use of inland waterways in their importance from one country to another. This variation in use of inland waterways depends on economic, technical, social and political considerations. Certain considerations like cost-effectiveness or technical feasibility are universal. Additionally, this discrepancy can be explained to a certain extent by geographical conditions, but lack of realization of the potential benefits to the national economies also plays an important role. Some countries – especially the oil-importing developing countries – are now making determined efforts to expand and modernize their waterways transportation systems, but generally there is a lack of national master plans for transportation, including inland waterways, so their development is still taking place on a piecemeal basis. There are many major considerations for using inland waterways, and some of these issues are interrelated. Five major considerations are: (i) economic efficiency; (ii) employment potential; (iii) energy use; (iv) environmental factors; and (v) socioeconomic requirements. As might be expected, the recent rates of growth of inland water transport in different parts of the world have not been uniform. The growth rates have not been similar even within a specific region. For example, in Asia, cargo handled by inland waterways increased by 12% in China in 1982, and by 9. 1% in Burma during 1982-83. In contrast, cargo handled in Bangladesh declined by 4% during 1982-83. Asia. Inland waterways are an important means of transportation and communication for a significant percentage of people in Asia, especially those living in river basins and deltaic areas. Countries like Bangladesh and Thailand have always relied on transportation through their rivers which cover almost the entire length of the countries from north to south. Europe. No uniform pattern of inland water transportation (IWT) emerges in the various countries of Europe. If the West European countries are considered, in general the total tonnage of goods carried has declined over the past decade. The reduction can to some extent be attributed to the decline in economic activities. North America. For Canada – water transport has historically played a dominant role in the Canadian economy because of the nation’s size, geography and presence of a large number of water bodies. Among the major constraints for IWT in Canada are the shortness of the season due to the freezing of waterways, the relative inflexibility of capacity in some areas and vulnerability to major variations in water levels in different river sections at different times during the year. For the USA there are three different systems can be identified geographically: Atlantic Coast and Pacific Coast waterways and the Mississippi river-Gulf Intercoastal system. There is no inland connection between these three systems. An analysis of the situation with respect to inland waterways transportation clearly indicates the great variations in their importance and use from one country to another. While geographical conditions can explain this anomaly to a certain extent, lack of realization of the potential impact of IWT on national economies continues to be an important factor. The expansion of IWT in developing countries has more potential than in developed countries, where this mode of transportation is more mature. Without a national transportation policy, development of IWT can proceed only on an ad hoc, piecemeal basis.

Abraham Lincoln Essay Example for Free (#3)

Abraham Lincoln Essay Essay Topic: Literature , Abraham Lincoln Choose cite format: APA MLA Harvard Chicago ASA IEEE AMA ? According to Abraham Lincoln, â€Å"Your own resolution to succeed is more important than any other thing. † (Mills 3). I was inspired by this quote that speaks of success, which I will describe as a golden star that everyone wants to reach. This quote is similar to most of the leadership quotes because it speaks of ways to reach success, but, this quote is special in a way that it could be related to the self-fulfilling prophecy. Simply put, the main road to success is the â€Å"will to succeed. † I’m sure each of us has experienced actually failing a task whenever our mind is embedded with the phrase: â€Å"I can’t do this! † If you believe that you will be successful in any endeavor you want to take, then, you have taken the first step to becoming a person who is the â€Å"king or queen of success. † I myself have noticed that whenever I put into mind that I will â€Å"win,† the outcome turns out to be truly positive. This essay can help readers realize that their goals can be achieved by first believing in themselves. If a person always expects that he/she will succeed in something specific, then his/her expectations will most probably turn into a reality as what the so-called â€Å"self-fulfilling prophecy† suggests. Rosenthal, in his book: â€Å"Experimenter Effects in Behavioral Research,† said: â€Å"Events tend to turn out as one has hypothesized, not because of some great insight but because one behaves in a manner to achieve this outcome. † Believing in this theory would mean that we would have to love ourselves more, believe that we have what it takes to win in this â€Å"game† called life, and, at the same time, because of our mind set, act in such a way that enables us to achieve our dreams. Bear in Mind: Success is in your hands, just believe! Mills, Dawson A. â€Å"Continuing Education Offerings Abound. † The Virginian-Pilot [Virginia] 28 January 1996:3. Rosenthal, Robert. Experimenter Effects in Behavioral Research. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1966. Abraham Lincoln. (2017, Apr 26).

Data Compression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Data Compression - Essay Example In addition, there are various file compression formats, like that ZIP and ARC (Sayood, 2000). However, according to Lelewer & Hirschberg (2009), the data compression is frequently acknowledged as coding. Here, the term coding is extensively identified as general term that entitles some particular representation of data that fulfils a given requirement. In addition, the data compression can be taken as a main branch of information theory that is intended to trim down the quantity of data to be sent (Lelewer & Hirschberg, 2009). This report will provide a detailed analysis of the paradigm of data compression. The aim of this research is to investigate the areas and theories behind the data compression, its implementation and potential benefits. Blelloch (2001) outliend that a straightforward description of data compression is that â€Å"it entails transforming a string of characters into a number of demonstrations (like that ASCII) into a novel type of string (that can be string of bits) that holds the similar information however whose length is as small as probable†. However, the data compression is significantly used or implemented in the areas of data storage and data transmission. Since, a lot of data management and processing applications necessitate storage of huge volumes of data, as well as the amount of similar applications is continually augmenting like the utilization of computers enlarges to novel disciplines. At the similar time, the propagation of computer data and information communication networks is consequential in huge transition of data over communication network links (Blelloch, 2001; Lelewer & Hirschberg, 1987). Thus, the data compressing the intended data to be transmitted or stored on reduced storage that minimizes the overall communication costs. In this way the storage or transmission capacity of data reduced, which augment and

Marco Polo's Journey to China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marco Polo's Journey to China - Essay Example They were accompanied not only by one hundred wise men but by two Dominican friars, and the two good friars turned back at the first sign of adversity, another local war in the Levant. Aside from the pope’s messages, the only spiritual gift Europe was able to furnish the great Kublai Khan was oil from the lamp burning at Jesus Christ’s supposed tomb in Jerusalem. Yet, in a sense, young Marco, the only new person in the Polos’ party, was himself a fitting representative of the spirit of European civilization on the eve of the Renaissance, and the lack of one hundred learned Europeans guaranteed that he would catch the eye of the Cowan, who was curious about Latins. On the way to the Khan’s court, Marco had the opportunity to complete his education. The journey took three and a half years by horseback through some of the world’s most rugged terrain, including snowy mountain ranges, such as the Pamirs, and parching deserts, such as the Gobi. Marco and his party encountered such hazards as wild beasts and brigands; they also met with beautiful women, in whom young Marco took a special interest. The group traveled numerous countries and cultures, noting food, dress, and religion unique to each. In particular, under the khans’s protection the Polos were able to observe a large portion of the Islamic world at close range, as few if any European Christians had. By the time they reached the khan’s court in Khanbalik, Marco had become a hardened traveler. He had also received a unique education and had been initiated into manhood.

Ansel Adams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ansel Adams - Essay Example He got his distinct mark in his nose when he was thrown to the ground during the aftershock of earthquake and fire in 1906, when he was just four years old (Turnage, n.d.). According to Turnage (n.d.), he was born in a very conservative social and emotional environment being an only child of elderly parents. It was in 1907 when the family’s fortune collapsed that Adams’s father spent the whole time to regain their lost fortune (Turnage, n.d.). He loved music and started to play the piano which inspired and crafted his visual artistry. He gained an appreciation of nature living his childhood at the Golden Gate which is his primary foundation photography (www.sierraclub.org, History: Ansel Adams). He was once an unpromising and rebellious student which resulted to his removal from school (Szarwkowski, 2010). According to Szarkowski (2010), he was a gifted pianist thus made him become determined and ambitious musician. In was in 1916 when he got his first camera that he de monstrated his talent in photography (Szarkowski, 2010). It was in the year 1927 when he took his first High Trip of the Siera Club and finished his first fully dreamed of photograph, Monolith, the Face of Dome (Turnage, n.d.). This year became very important because he met San Francisco’s patron of arts and artists and insurance tycoon, Albert Bended, whose companionship, encouragement and polite financial support changed Adams’s life (Turnage, n.d.). It was Bended who took charge of the preparation and publication of Adams’s first portfolio, the Parmelian Prints of the High Sierras (Turnage, n.d.). Bender was the main influence who transformed a journeyman pianist to a creative photographer (Turnage, n.d.). Adams’s joined annual Sierra Club outing and became their official photographer. His role in the club grew quickly which in turn the club developed into a very important factor to his success in photography (www.sierraclub.org, History: Ansel Adams). His membership in the club developed his political involvement thus suggesting proposals for improving parks and wilderness (www.sierraclub.org, History: Ansel Adams). The club soon became an influential national organization that fought for the creation of national parks and protection of environment (www.sierraclub.org, History: Ansel Adams). He became prominent in photographic community in 1935 when he was working and contributing technical articles to a popular photography press (Szarkowski, 2010). In 1936, his worked was renowned by Alfred Steiglitz and he further used his position in the field to boost approval of photography as fine art since then (Szarkowski, 2010). President Jimmy Carter awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom to Adams in 1980 as recognition of his work as environmentalist and photographer (Szarkowski, 2010). Although he worked basically in the photographic print, he also got involved and became a motivator of the photomechanical reproduction (Szarkowski , 2010). He persistently explored the technical possibilities of photography in the 1940s (Szarkowski, 2010). According to Szarkowski (2010), Adams also got really busy of the â€Å"zone system† which â€Å"rationalized the relationship among exposure, development, and resulting densities in the photograph

Protein Quantitation Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Protein Quantitation - Lab Report Example The following is a report on an experiment conducted to determine protein concentration of unknown samples using this method. Bradford Protein Concentration Assay Accurate protein quantitation is paramount to all experiments that are related to proteins in a lot of research topics in molecular biology, developmental biology, cell biology, neuroscience, and biochemistry. Different techniques have been developed to quantitate proteins in the last century, both for the total protein content and a single protein. Total protein content quantitation methods include Bradford assays. Bradford assay, which was initially described by Dr. Marion Bradford in 1976, is one of the commonly used methods to determine protein concentration. This method relies on formation of a complex between proteins in solution and the Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 dye. This dye exists in four different ionic forms. The more anionic blue form binds to proteins and has an absorbance at 590 nm. Protein concentrations can be known by determining the amount of dye in the blue ionic form, and by measuring the absorbance of the solution at 595 nm using a spectrophotometer (Becker, Caldwell & Zachgo, 1996). This dye binds mostly to arginine, tryptophan, tyrosine, histidine, and phenylalanine residues of the protein Materials and Reagents Protein standard: 1mg/mL Albumin Bradford reagent Distilled water Test samples A, B and C (Unknown protein) One 96-well plate Procedure First, the albumin standard solutions were prepared as follows: Concentration Albumin Distilled Water 0% 0ul 100ul 25% 25ul 75ul 50% 50ul 50ul 75% 75ul 25ul 100% 100ul 0ul Then the Bradford reagents were diluted with 300 ul (Bradford): 1500ul (Distill Water) (1:5 ratio). In the first trial, 180ul of the diluted Bradford reagents was added into the 96 well plate. Then 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% and Sample A, B, C, each 5ul was added to each well hole which contained 180ul of diluted Bradford reagent. These were tested with spectrophotom eter and the results recorded. The experiment was repeated again the same way. In addition, Sample C was diluted with 3 different ratios as follows: 1:9 (Sample C: Distill Water) 1:99 (Sample C: Distill Water) 5:95 (Sample C: Distill Water) The results were recorded after the solutions were tested with a spectrophotometer. A standard curve of absorbance versus concentration protein was drawn. Results The results were recorded as follows: First Trial Results: 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Sample A Sample B Sample C 0.092 0.145 0.161 0.169 0.162 0.095 0.161 0.763 Second Trial Results: 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Sample A Sample B Sample C Sample C (1:9) Sample C (1:99) Sample C (5:95) 0.113 0.188 0.218 0.217 0.210 0.116 0.200 0.670 0.244 0.118 0.152 The responses of the standards were used to plot a standard curve. Absorbance values of unknown samples were then interpolated onto the plot for the standard curve to determine their concentrations as shown in the graph below. Discussion From the graph abov e, the optimum measurement wavelength for this assay is on sample C. Thus sample C has the highest protein concentration. Sample A has the same absorbance as 0% albumin and Sample B has the same absorbance as 50% albumin. It can therefore be concluded that sample A and Sample B have 0% and 50% protein concentra

Implementation of Entreprise 2.0 in a Business Research Paper

Implementation of Entreprise 2.0 in a Business - Research Paper Example In addition, there are numerous examples of enterprise 2.0 tools in which Wikis and Blogs are well known communication and collaboration portals. Moreover, social network tools are very helpful for the staff members in finding the target person or group of persons. Thus, enterprise 2.0 has the capability to offer content, data and information and knowledge in an amazingly low-priced and unproblematic way by means of web-based tools (UBM TechWeb, 2011; Miller, 2007). Some people say that enterprise 2.0 is about carrying Web 2.0 into the business; however it is not completely true. In some way, enterprise 2.0 refers to process of bringing the collaborative and social applications and technologies of Web 2.0 into the business setting; however enterprise 2.0 also shows a basic change in the way businesses carry out their operations (Nations, 2011). Additionally, it is a true fact that enterprise 2.0 is a simplified idea that is normally used for technological and business practice that r eleases the required workers from the limitations of inheriting communication tools and productive tools as there is an example of email. Moreover, it’s another major advantages is that it facilitates the business executives to access the precise information when it is required by means of a web of interrelated applications, services and strategies. In this way enterprise 2.0 make easy to get to the combined intellect of many. Hence this aspect results in moving to an enormous competitive gain in the form of improved innovation, efficiency and agility (UBM TechWeb, 2011; Nations, 2011; Miller, 2007). Enterprise 2.0 in a Business The question is that what is enterprise 2.0 and how it is used in business environment? The simple answer to above question is that enterprise 2.0 is the implementation of  Web 2.0  into the workplace and business environment but the defined aspect is not completely precise. In other words, enterprise 2.0 is a process of implementing collective an d collaborative tools of Web 2.0 into the business environment, where enterprise 2.0 also signifies a basic change in how a business is managed (Nations, 2011). As the changes are occurring swiftly in the business environment round the world and in the conventional corporate background, information could easily flow through a sequential path. Consequently, the information is passing down the chain from the peak to the base and proposals made from the base flow toward the peak. It is a true fact that enterprise 2.0 changed this prearranged order and created a controlled chaos. Moreover in Enterprise 2.0 structures, flow of information is in form of up and down. As a result, it easily cuts the chains that grasp collaboration in a customary business environment. And it is one of the major reasons that enterprise 2.0 is considered as a tough sell to an organization. So knowingly unleash disorder runs counter to their intuitions (Nations, 2011). Enterprise 2.0 & Web 2.0 Technologies Whil e we talk about Web 2.0 technological features, we see a lot of Web 2.0 tools and technologies easily available in the market. Additionally, there are numerous online tools, technologies,

Quantifying systemic risk in the European banking sector. A Research Paper

Quantifying systemic risk in the European banking sector. A multidimensional approach - Research Paper Example Systemic risk is the ultimate threat, its sources are varied and the propagation mechanisms involve major imbalances. The financial banking domain supports the present research, a choice motivated by the imperative of identifying potential risk-carrying factors in order to deeply analyse their impact and raise mechanisms for an efficient calibration of financial exposure levels. A major breakup within the banking sector, initially designed to serve the real economy generates severe imbalances with long-term implications for the whole financial industry and potential destructive nature for the economic environment. The preference for this topic is justified by its actuality and utmost importance for the European banking, financial community and the entire economic arena. Banks’ policies and strategies, new products, technologies and services, competition policies and the competitive environment provide space for risk’s rise. In addition, the increased level of financial integration and the globalization ties facilitate the appearance of new contagion channels, as previous banking experiences and worldwide tensions show. Mapping the current needs of the global economy means to identify risks and quantify their effects. A major challenge is to restore and strengthen the financial and economic stability and the prerequisite for achieving this goal is the understanding of systemic risk nature, its sources in terms of structures and sizes. The rich existing academic literature focused on theoretical models and empirical evidences around the systemic risk notion and the effects on the entire financial-banking industry support the importance of the addressed subject. The new global realities and the features of the regulatory and supervisory activities underline the need for a more powerful, solid crises management and European solutions for managing systemic risk. I. Literature review The first theoretical approaches on systemic risk can be traced back t o the period 1929-1933, during the Great Depression; as a distinctive figure, history invokes John Maynard Keynes1, who describes the economy marked by a shock in the financial system - a sequence of events generically called contagion. Broadly speaking, systemic risk is related to complex negative events simultaneously affecting institutions, markets and networks. In a narrow sense, the core element of the term is the contagion from one market structure to another. Explaining the notion of systemic risk requires a clarification of concepts proceeding and succeeding its rise: the systemic event, and respectively, the systemic crisis. A systemic event occurs when negative information about an institution spreads in the system and adversely impacts the participants. Allen and Gale (2000) and Freixas, Parigi and Rochet (2000) examine the risk of contagion in the shape of a domino effect, as an essential element of the systemic risk architecture. High-impact systemic events (for example , a bank collapse result of an initial shock) translate into contagion; if the shock doesn’t lead to failure, the event can be narrowed. A systemic event has two components: the shocks (idiosyncratic, systematic) and the propagation mechanisms. If idiosyncratic shocks affect individual financial institutions, systematic shocks spread across the whole economy and imbalance all financial structures in the same time. Systematic shocks are reflected in

History Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

History - Term Paper Example It is a confederacy or league of six native Indian tribes. The latter term emanated from the Englishmen while the former from French. The tribes were Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Mohawk, and Senega. They were joined by Tuscora later in 1722. Some modern Historical scholars have attempted to paint a clear distinction between the League and the Confederacy. According to Kellogg’s, Barrons E-Z American History (75), the ceremonial and cultural institution personified in the majestic Council is the Iroquois League, while the Confederacy was the decentralized political and diplomatic entity that emerged to counter the European colonization. Today the League still exists, unlike the Confederacy, which dissolved after the fall of the British and allied other Nations in the American Revolutionary War. Noble Savage refers to an idealized concept of uncivilized man. This man signifies the inward goodness of one who is not exposed to the corrupting influences of civilization. Thinkers and writers traced the concept of the noble savage to Ancient Greece. Philosophers of Homer, Pliny, and Xenophon ilk idealized primitive groups such as the Arcadians, both real and imagined as a noble savage. Frederick Douglass was an African-American social reformer, abolitionist writer, and orator. Born a slave in 1818, he escaped from slavery at the age of 20. Douglass was a master of irony; this was illustrated by his famous speech delivered on Fourth of July 1852 where he proclaimed that this Fourth of July was yours, not mine. You may rejoice, I must mourn. He then pointed the figure at the audience of ridicule for inviting him to address. In addition, he referred to Psalm 137, whereby the rivers of Babylon the Israelites were compelled to sit down and sing the Lord’s song in a strange land (Martin et al., 357). Manifest Destiny is a terminology that denotes the widespread attitude present during the period of American expansion. According to this

The poem America by Allen Ginsberg Essay Example for Free

The poem America by Allen Ginsberg Essay Allen Ginsberg has been credited the single greatest influence on the American poetic voice since Whitman, by Bob Dylan himself, and Ginsberg would most probably agree, being his own biggest fan. America is typical of Allen Ginsberg in that its increadibly long. Allen Ginsbergs poems are characteristically long winded and conversational- or monologual- quite unlike the usual style of a poem. He uses peoples full names, and often dedicates poems to specific people. He writes exactly what he sees- which are often everyday ordinary things- such as going to chinatown- but he presents them with an interesting perspective- often political, cynical or sexual- which is why people either love or hate Allen Ginsbergs work. His pieces are often like cleverly constructed diary entries with a slightly poetic ring to them, rather than poems with a slight conversational tone. The tone in America evolves quite radically from cocky to concerned, and the language is informal (full of elision), nondescriminating towards swearing- selectively descriptive the only really metaphorical line I could find was in the light of 500 suns, and blatantly honest (I go to chinatown). Repitition is really the only true poetic device of this poem, and gives the reader the impression that each line is separate from the others, as if the poem itself, is simply a collection of one liners Ginsberg has spouted or perhaps heard at one time or another, and glued together with a common message. In the first two lines, America and the world have obviously just been through world war 2, and are in the midst of the cold war against Russia. Allen Ginsberg basically communicates his doubt that americas is the only and right way. The poem is basically divided into three tonal and attitude verses. In the first, Allen Ginsberg appears quite overly infantile and immature in his response to Americas actions, as if he isnt a part of them. He speaks as if America is his parent- or a separate entity to himself, and is satisfied winging to it. He acknowledges the large and international issues present, for example the atom bomb threats and human war, but refuses to budge from  a narcassistic viewpoint, talking of material desires, alcohol, sex, of that I want I want attitude. He also refers to higher authorities to validate his opinion- (for example his psychoanalyst, and several others in the full version.) In the second verse it occurs to me that I am america he adopts a far more involved attitude. He acknowledges that his every action effects others lives in some way or another. In saying that he IS america, allen ginsberg is taking his complete happy go lucky attitude and disreguard for his actions as a part of america to the opposite extreme, and instead taking on all the stresses and responsibilities under his belt as if he is america. Although whilst doing this, he still holds a somewhat cynical approach. In the last verse, he takes on a responsible yet not soley responsible role in the runnings of america- offering concerned interest and advice- a far more adult perspective- and finally in the last two lines decides to take action for what he believes in. Overall I found this a provocative, entertaining and satisfying poem to read. Although allen ginsberg definatly has a habit for writing odd overly long inside-joke style confusing poems, I thought america was particularly to the point and relevant, coming from an americans pen.

Foundation degree Essay Example for Free

Foundation degree Essay I am currently studying at West Lancashire College on the second year of a Foundation Degree in Computing, after successfully completing year one. After successfully completing a BTEC National Diploma in IT, I found that I wanted to further my knowledge of IT. I have not only found that I have a natural ability with computing, but it is something that I greatly enjoy. As a mature student I consider myself to be a hardworking, reliable and sensible person. I attend all classes regularly and I am always punctual. I take my studies seriously and treat all my coursework with the respect it deserves. I have completed all my coursework on time. My previous assignments have earned me seven distinctions and two merits. I particularly enjoyed studying the Database and Systems Analysis, as this is the route I would like to pursue as a career. I have also used Visual Basics which I have an excellent knowledge of, and at the same time this will help me in my chosen career as a System Analyst. I feel that my knowledge of databases will be of great benefit to me in the third year of my degree. I get on well with most people and work consistently well with colleagues and peers. I am hard working and consider myself to be a good team player, working well in group activities to which I bring strong organisational skills, confidence, and excellent time keeping. As a former employee within the retail sector for 10 years it has been a significant time in my life. I developed many interpersonal and social skills as I worked with a committed and professional team. In my spare time I enjoy spending time with my family; my partner and four children. We love being together as a family and enjoy camping, canoeing and walking. I also love to read and going to the cinema. I have been able to fulfil my role as a mum whilst also submitting assignments to an exceptional standard which demonstrates my ability to work under pressure. I am thoroughly looking forward to topping up my Fd. Sc to a full B. Sc and facing the challenge of Higher Education. I will give one-hundred per cent effort required to achieve my objectives.

Analysing Utilitarianism By John Stuart Mill Philosophy Essay

Analysing Utilitarianism By John Stuart Mill Philosophy Essay John Stuart Mill opens his essay, Utilitarianism, by mentioning that theres little progress being made toward a standard system that judges peoples actions as morally right or wrong. For over 2000 years, philosophers have tried to lay the foundation of morality, but have yet to come closer to an agreement of what the notions of right or wrong are based on. Mill argues that unlike science where particular truth precedes general theory, ethics needs general laws in order for morality to have legitimacy or significance. (944) In ethics and law, all actions exist to promote a particular end; thus an action can be deemed right or wrong depending on what ends are being pursued. If the ends are good, the action is therefore a good one; if the ends are bad, the action is therefore a bad one. Therefore, it is necessary to know by what standard human actions should be judged. It is important to note that Mill defines moralitys purpose as that of bringing about a particular state of the world. Mill continues and states that utilitarianism, or the greatest happiness principle as Bentham called it, is the cause in forming moral doctrines and keeping them stable and solid over the years. He explains that his essay will be an attempt to prove utilitarianism in ethics and demonstrate why this moral foundation is so central to our existence as human beings. In Chapter 2, Mill tries to present and respond to criticisms against utilitarianism. He notes that many people misunderstand the true definition of the principle. They define it in a restricted and colloquial sense in which utility is the opposition to pleasure. (946) When in reality, it has everything to do with pleasure and absence of pain. Utility or greatest happiness principle hold that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they produce the reverse of happiness. By happiness is intended pleasure, and the absence of pain; by unhappiness, pain and the privation of pleasure. (946) He continues and says that pleasure of freedom of pain are the only things desirable as ends. Thus, things are desirable only if they bring about pleasure and prevention of pain; actions are good when they lead to general happiness and bad when they fail to do so. Mill targets the critics that claim that he and other Epicureans reduce and degrade the meaning of life to pleasures like those of swine, and replies that human pleasures are superior to those of beasts. Human beings have faculties more elevated than the animal appetite. (947) Once we are aware of these higher faculties, we will never be happy until these faculties are gratified. When making moral judgment, utilitarianism takes account not just the quantity but also the quality of the pleasures resulting from it. Mill differentiates between high and lower pleasures. A pleasure is of higher quality if one chooses it above any other pleasure, even if its accompanied with discomfort. It is also something that wont be traded for any quantity of the other pleasures. Furthermore, according to Mill its an unquestionable fact that when given many pleasures one would choose that in which appeals to their higher faculties. Even if it means hell suffer more in life, he would never choose a lowe r existence, preferring instead to maintain his dignity. Few human creatures would consent to be changed into any of the lower animals, for a promise of the fullest allowance of a beasts pleasure; no intelligent human being would consent to be a fool, no instructed person would be an ignoramusà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (947) Mill continues and responds to those who say that happiness, in any form, cant be a rational purpose of human life and action because its unattainable. In addition, critics claim that people can exist without happiness; that all noble men have become virtuous by renouncing happiness. First, Mill replies its an exaggeration to state that people cannot be happy. If happiness is defined by a perpetual feeling of pleasure, then Mill admits that its impossible to obtain it. The state of pleasure is not long lasting; its temporary and intermittent. He contends that happiness are moments of rapture occurring in a life troubled by few pains and when defined as such is indeed possible to attain. It would be possible to all people, if level of education and social arrangement would allow it. Moreover, those who cant find happiness generally care for nobody but themselves and have failed to open their minds and exercise its faculties; they are selfish and have a lack of mental cultivation. Thus , if people are educated to learn and develop appropriate values, they have the capabilities to be happy. Next, Mill addresses the argument that state that people can do without happiness. He admits that its true that people have existed without happiness, but they were martyrs, doing so voluntarily. This is usually done to achieve an end greater than happiness, which is virtue. The sacrifice of giving up their happiness is done so, so others dont have to make a similar sacrifice. They increase the amount of happiness in the world. They would not commit such an action if it would produce no fruit for any of [their] fellow creatures. (951) However, Mill does say that these martyrs are proof of what men can do, but not an example of what they should do. Nevertheless, the willingness to sacrifice your happiness for that of others is the highest of virtue. Mill specifies that utilitarians only see sacrifices as good insofar it promotes and increases the state of happiness. If it fails t o do so, its considered a waste. He emphasizes that utilitarians judge an act as right if it affects the happiness of all people and not of the individual. The morality of an action depends on the goodness of its results only, and not the motives behind the actions. It is all about consequences. Mill, however, states that since many dont affect large numbers of people on a daily basis, they only need to consider his or her own actions in relation to every individual involved in the action. Its only those who have an impact on the public that should think about public utility on a regular basis. Another criticism against utilitarianism is that it underestimates human nature to find exception to rules. For example, someone will justify breaking the rules by simple stating that a given action increases utility. Mill argues that this is not only the case with utilitarianism; this happens in every moral system. There is no ethical creed which doesnt temper the rigidity of its laws. (956) He further says that having the application of the standard of utility is better than having none at all. A philosophy cannot be binding if it does not contain inherent consequences for those who break the rules. In chapter 3, Mill discusses what motivates us to act in ways approved of by the principle of utility. He explores all the possible sanctions utilitarianism might impose, upon those who do not abide by it. He writes that theres no reason utilitarianism cant have or wont impose all the sanctions that belong to other moral systems. These sanctions can be either external or internal. External sanctions include outer impacts on an individual, such as peer pressure or the fear of gods wrath. Internal sanctions come from within, from ones conscious. It is a feeling in our mindà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦attendant on violation of duty. (957) Internal sanctions are more powerful than any external sanction, given that internal sanctions have more potential to influence ones actions. Thus, if internal sanctions provide the strongest influence over peoples actions, utilitarianism must appeal to peoples inner feelings in order to have a binding force on them. Mill believes that moral feelings are acquired and notes that they are no less natural because of it. Moral feelings may not be part of human nature, but they are a natural outgrowth from it. They are capable to spring up spontaneously, but at the same time, they can be cultivated and educated. However, bad moral principles can also be likely to come about due to external sanctions. Because these moral feelings are imposed and not naturally developed, theyre called artificial moral feelings. Mill notes that it is very easy to distinguish between the two. Artificial moral feelings eventually fade and crumble under scrutiny analysis, while naturally developed feelings do not. Since the principle of utility doesnt break down under analysis, we can assess theres a natural basis of sentiment for utilitarian morality. (959) In chapter 4, Mill discusses what is required of utilitarianism for it to be believed as valid, even if its impossible to prove the first principle by logic. If a person can actually see an object that means, that said object is visible. If a person hears something, that means there is sound. With that in mind, Mills argues that the proof of something being desirable is that people desire it. Hence, happiness is desirable since each person desires his own happiness. We can also say that each persons happiness is a good to that person and general happiness a good to all people. If something desirable is an end to an action and happiness is desirable, then its clear that happiness is one of the ends and one criterion of morality. However, in order to show that happiness is the only criterion for morality, its essential to show that people never desire anything but happiness. Mill claims that you could say that people desire things like virtue or the absence of vice which is generally s eparate from happiness. Then again, he argues that happiness is a whole idea with component parts. People desire virtue because its part of happiness and promotes the general happiness. Mill notes that theres a difference in desiring something as a means to happiness and desiring something because its part of happiness. Whether or not its true, can only be answered through self-reaction and observation of others. Mill says that throughout history one of the biggest obstacles to the acceptance of the principle of utility has been that fact that it doesnt allow for a theory of justice. In chapter 5, Mill defines justice and makes the connection between justice and utility. Mill takes on the meaning of justice. He lists things that are commonly associated with being just and unjust. First, it is considered unjust to deprive any one of his personal liberty, his property, or any other thing which belongs to him by law. (965) However, this concept has exceptions. For example, a person may have legal rights he should not have due to a bad law. While people vary whether bad laws can be justly disobeyed, all people agree that laws can be unjust. Therefore, law cannot be the ultimate standard of justice. Second, it is considered to be unjust when someone withholds from any person something he has a moral right to possess. Third, it is considered just when a person receives what he deserves (whether goo d or evil) and unjust when he receives a good or undergoes an evil in which he doesnt deserve. Mill explains that this, is the clearest and most emphatic form in which the idea of justice is conceived by the general mind. (966) People are thought to deserve good things if they have done right and evil things if they have done wrong. Fifth, its considered unjust to show favoritism and preference to one person over another, in inappropriate circumstances. This can be the case in a courtroom, when a judge sways the verdict based on his own fondness and not based on facts. But, when regarding the issue of friends and family one doesnt have to be impartial. Lastly, the idea of equality is seen by many to be part of justice. Mill further investigates the meaning of justice by looking at its etymology. In most languages, the words origin comes from either positive law or authoritative custom. Therefore, the most primitive element of justice is the idea of conformity to the law. Ultimately, Mill argues that the ideas of justice are united by the concepts of rights. In cases of justice, the person who has been wronged has had his or her moral right imposed upon and has the moral right to seek repayment. Mill then turns to argue that the sentiment of justice can be linked to the principle of utility. He says that there are two components to justice. The first is the desire to punish. The second is the knowledge that there is an individual whos a victim of wrongdoing. The desire to punish comes from the impulse of self-defense and the feeling of sympathy. Like all animals, humans have instincts of self-defense. Unlike animals, humans are capable of sympathizing not only with loved ones, but also with strangers, people they have no connection with at all. Justice then, reflects the natural feeling of retaliation and vengeance, expanded by the feelings of sympathy and intellect to apply to things that harm society. These feelings are not moral feelings but we can see the justices moral component can be seen in the way people are outraged by the injustices they see, not just on themselves, but also on everyone else. This demonstrated a moral concern. Mill also claims that the idea of a right is not a concept separate from justice. When we call anything a persons right we mean, he has the valid claim on society to protect him in the possession of it, either by the force of law, or by that of education and opinion. (970) The reason for this is utility. Mills then argues that if justice is indeed independent from utility than why is questions related to justice are often debatable. We are continually informed that Utility is an uncertain standard, which every different person interprets differently. (971) Hence, justice is grounded on utility and is the most important part of all morality; it concerns many of the most basic essentials of a humans well-being. Furthermore, the preservation of justice keeps the peace among the people. Therefore, there is a strong utility interest in preserving and enforcing what justice commands. Most of the applications of justice discussed earlier are ways to maintain the notion of moral rights. The Greatest happiness principle doesnt have meaning unless each persons happiness is valued exactly the same as somebody elses, which is basically the idea of impartiality and equality. In addition, people are seen to have an equal entitlement to happiness, and an equal entitlement to the means of happiness.

Solar Photovoltaic Cells Essay -- Solar Energy Heat Sun essays

Solar Photovoltaic Cells Solar energy is a general term referring to any process that turns sunlight into energy. Two common forms of solar energy are used today: Solar photovoltaic cells and solar thermal technology. Solar thermal technology uses the heat generated from sunlight to create energy. Most commonly, this can be used to heat water for a house or other projects. Or, with increasing complexity, it can turn the heat into electricity. Unfortunately, much of this technology is too expensive and complex to be practical in the United States on any large scale. However, solar photovoltaic cells are a far more promising technology. They provide a simple way of turning light directly into energy. This paper will examine how this technology works on a basic level while accessing the possible benefits and problems this technology has. It will also examine possible technology in the future in an attempt to overcome these problems. How solar photovoltaic cells work: A photovoltaic cell uses semiconductor material to transform light into electrical energy. Photons from light hitting the material excite electrons, releasing them from their atoms into the material. Once electrons are excited, they are able to move freely within the material. The semi-conductor then serves to force the electrons in the desired directions. By creating a junction of a p and n type semiconductor, an electrical potential is created. The electrons move from the n-type to the p-type. Meanwhile, the positively charged atoms move from the p-type to the n-type. As a result, the n-type material gains a positive charge and the p-type gains a negative charge. When an electrical circuit connects the p-type and n-type ends, difference in e... ...rrent conventional energy. It has promising chances of reducing carbon dioxide emissions and thus reducing global warming. But, it sill cannot compete economically with current energy means and as a result, more research must be dedicated into the cause in order for its benefits to be fully realized. Works Cited Berinstein P. 2001. Alternative Energy: Facts, Statistics, and Issues. Wesport (CT): Oryx Press; 208p. Current Solar Systems: Modern Photovoltaic Solar Cells. http://www.personal.psu.edu/users/t/s/tss178/pvcells.htm [2004 Oct 19] Ramage J. 1997. Energy, A Guidebook. New York: Oxford. 194p. Sorensen B. 2000. Renewable Energy: Its physics, engineering, use, environmental impacts, economy and planning aspects. 2nd ed. San Diego: Academic Press. 912p. http://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/energy/subenergy/solar/solar_pv.htm [2004 Oct 18]

Analysis of COVERGIRLâ„¢ Advertisement Essay -- Advertising, Blond

Introduction I have examined and analyzed the COVERGIRLâ„ ¢ NatureLuxe advertisement that uses common feminine stereotypes. In this advertisement, COVERGIRLâ„ ¢, which runs in Seventeen magazines, targets women through their choices of colors, fonts, and images used. Certain stereotypes are used; such as, those who are more feminine tend to prefer lighter, happier colors, such as pink. Also, the use of a celebrity, who many young women look to as an icon, assists in the advertisement of the COVERGIRLâ„ ¢ product. COVERGIRLâ„ ¢, more than likely, is able to successfully market their lip-gloss product in the United States by using common gender stereotypes to show femininity and how those, mainly women, should be presented in today’s society. Target Audience This advertisement appears in the Seventeen magazines, whose readers range in age between thirteen and twenty-five. The visual shows a young, blonde, Caucasian female who is attracting the readers to the COVERGIRLâ„ ¢ product. Placing this sort of ad in the Seventeen magazines is appealing to most young women due to the beautiful celebrity, Taylor Swift, who uses the same product. Also, the colors used, such as the pastel pinks, draws in the reader since they are very feminine colors. Finally, the product itself is appealing to the audience of Seventeen because younger women like to look their best, and to do that, lip-gloss is a handy accessory. Layout There are several aspects to the layout of this advertisement. Women, regardless of age, tend to be drawn to the use of beautiful, younger women in an arrangement, which makes this design effective. Firstly, Taylor Swift (the young woman in the picture) has been properly dressed so that the lip-gloss she is using matc... ...e lip-gloss product. By using this advertisement to examine common womanlike stereotypes, and to see what women are drawn to in the United States, we notice that choices of colors, fonts, and images used can be appealing to those who are more feminine. The details presented to each reader of this magazine advertisement are shown a multitude of feminine stereotypes, which are targeted towards younger women in America. Works Cited Kimmel, Michael. â€Å"Men Will Be Boys.† The New York Post. 7 Sept. 2008. Rpt. in Writing Communities & Identities. Ed. Cynthia Debes et al. 6th ed. Plymouth, MI: Hayden-McNeil Publishing, 2009. 56-64. Orenstein, Peggy. â€Å"What’s Wrong with Cinderella?† The New York Times Magazine. 4 Dec. 2006. Rpt. in Writing Communities and Identities. Ed. Cynthia Debes et al. 6th ed. Plymouth, MI: Hayden-McNeil Publishing, 2009. 50-54.

Misrepresentation of Mental Illnesses :: essays research papers

Misrepresentation of Mental Illnesses by Television Media   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To eliminate the partial representation of mental illnesses, television media needs to focus on all sides of this illness. The media needs to show that attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is a legitimate disorder with effective treatments. At least one in four families in the U.S. is affected by mental illnesses. Unfortunately there is no cure for this range of illnesses, which have been around for thousands of years. Of the American adult population, 5.4 percent have a serious mental illness. These health conditions are characterized by alterations in thinking, mood, behavior, or some combination of these. They are also associated with distress and sometimes impaired functioning. In 1990 the total cost of mental health services in the U.S. was $148 billion. According to a new report by the Mental Health Foundation, one in five children suffer from a mental health problem. Attention deficit hyperactive disorder is a mental illness that is diagnosed mainly in young children and doesn’t always disappear in adulthood.† All we know is that this genetic, inherited condition [ADHD] is not due to brain damage at all but rather a variation in how the brain functions.† Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorde r (ADHD) includes symptoms and characteristics that can be placed in one of three categories: inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. These characteristics commonly leave a person with ADHD with lack of attention span, easily distracted, fidgety, struggling to stay seated, having trouble engaging in calm activities, impatient, and talking excessively or out of turn. A new study by researchers says that hyperactive children have behavioral differences due to under active parts of their brain, a biological malfunction, rather than due to way they were brought up. This was revealed by a magnetic scanning device that allowed researchers to look at the brains of children diagnosed with ADHD. These studies and statistics reinforce the claim that mental illnesses are not invented simply to justify drugging of children and a disease that needs be educated to the public for better understanding. Rather, ADHD is an illness that affects many people throughout their lives. This topic is oft en misunderstood by the public. The media and medical community need to educate the positive side of this controversy and not just show the opposing view, which often times misrepresented by the media.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the current President of Attention Deficit Disorder Association (ADDA), the medication prescribed by a doctor cannot lead to drug abuse and addiction.

Scha

Problems at Perrier Perrier may well be the iconic brand in the world of mineral waters. However, regardless of the profile of the brand, the company that produces the bottled sparkling mineral water is having a tough time. It is the focus of what one commentator describes as â€Å"a vicious struggle underway for the soul of the business. The origins of the Perrier company can be traced to 1898 when a local doctor, Louis-Eugene Perrier, bought the mineral water source near Vergeze, France.The company grew steadily but demand really escalated in the late 1980s when it became highly fashionable and championed by a range of admirers including Wall Street yuppies. At its peak (1989), Perrier sold 1. 2 billion bottles (830 million in 2003), almost half to consumers in the United States. The boom years were good for the Perrier workers. Buoyant profits were associated with regular pay rises, social benefits, and extra holidays. However, in 1990, the finding of a minute trace of benzene in a bottle led to the collapse of U. S. sales.By 1992, annual output had halved and the company was close to bankruptcy. At this point it was bought for $2. 7 billion by Nestle, the world’s largest food company. Attracted by the combination of bottled water as a fast-growing business and the world’s best known mineral water brand, Nestle identified Perrier as an attractive takeover target. However, Perrier struggles to turn a profit. In 2003 its pretax profit margin on $300 million sales was only 0. 6% compared with 10. 4% for the Nestle Waters division overall. In 2004 it again recorded a loss.The Perrier factory is on a 234-acre site on the Mediterranean coastal plain near Nimes. The factory itself is rather nondescript, so much so that â€Å"from a distance it could be mistaken for a power station or auto plant. † Perrier employees work a 35-hour week and earn an average annual salary of $32,000 which is good for this part of France and relatively high for thi s industry. However, the average Perrier worker produces only 600,000 bottles a year, compared with 1. 1 million bottles at Nestle’s two other international French mineral-water brands (Vittel and Contrex).Relations between management and workers are not good. Almost all (93 percent) of Perrier’s 1,650 workers belong to the CGT, a union that is viewed by the management as consistently resisting Nestle’s attempts to improve Perrier’s financial performance. According to Nestle CEO Peter Brabeck-Letmathe, â€Å"We have come to the point where the development of the Perrier brand is endangered by the stubbornness of the CGT. † Jean-Paul Franc, head of the CGT at Perrier, sees the situation differently. In regard to the company’s plan to cut 15 percent of its workforce he protests, â€Å"Nestle can’t do whatever it likes. He says, â€Å"There are men and women who work here†¦ Morally speaking the water and the gas stored below this ground belong to the whole region. † When, in 2004, Danone launched a new product (Badoit Rouge) that was designed to directly compete with Perrier’s new super-bubbly brand, Eau de Perrier, Perrier’s management put bottles of Badoit Rouge in the factory cafeteria. This had been done to emphasize the point to Perrier employees that they were involved in a head-to-head battle for that niche in the market.However, this act was not well received. â€Å"It was a provocation,† recalls one Perrier truck driver. â€Å"We took the bottles and dumped them in front of the factory director’s door, so he couldn’t get into his office. † QUESTIONS 1. Identify the key elements of the resistance to change described in this situation. 2. Construct a change management strategy for dealing with this situation. In so doing, identify what approach(es) to managing resistance you recommend and provide a clear justification for your choice.

American politician Essay

Assignment details: One of the themes in ‘Crucible’ is the conflict between good and evil. Who would you say were the good people and how is their goodness shown? Who would you say were the evil people and how is their evil shown? Arthur Millers play ‘The Crucible’ was first produced in the year 1953 in the time of the McCarthy political ‘Witch-Hunt’ in the US. The 1950’s in America was an extremely controversial era due to the ‘House Of Un-American Activities Committee’ under the chairmanship Senator Joseph Raymond McCarthy who was an American politician. This organization had the power to investigate any movement or person who threatened the safety of the state. McCarthy first attracted national attention in February 1950 with the charge that Communists had infiltrated the Department of State. Although his accusations were never substantiated, during the three years that followed he repeatedly pointed the finger at various high-ranking officials of subversive activities. During the first five to ten years after World War II the two economical blocks the USA and the USSR, faced each other in a ‘cold’ war which created fear and worry in America that the philosophy of Communism was spreading and would eventually undermine and destroy Capitalism, the American’s ideal way of life. People were blamed in all types of situations such as accidents, misfortunes, or catastrophes of any kind. Whole societies were whipped up into panic by the fear that evil forces were out to destroy them. The play ‘The Crucible’, although concerned with the Salem witchcraft trials, was actually aimed at the widespread congressional investigation of subversive activities in the United States. The event at that time seemed particularly similar to the 1692 ‘Witch-Hunts’ in Salem, Massachusetts, United States where the lies of a group of adolescent girls, caused many people to be imprisoned or put to death. The play deals with many aspects of life, like individual conscience, the abuse of power, the conflict between good and evil and the most obvious of all Witchcraft, as many characters in the play were accused of being associated with the devil. At the time the play was set, if anyone was said to be involved with the devil, their future and their families future would be in serious jeopardy. It wouldn’t even matter if the person(s) were innocent if someone said it was true then it was said to be true as this was the most serious allegation at the time. The only option you had if you wanted to live was deny the charges against you and name other people supposedly involved in witchcraft and devil worshipping. Another of the many serious themes in Arthur Millers, ‘The Crucible’ was individual conscience where many people just followed and agreed with what others had said. For example, if someone accused another as being involved in witchcraft, the entire community would agree. This was because people were scared because if anyone disagreed with the allegations they would also be accused of being involved in witchcraft. In the play, John Proctor and Rebecca Nurse stood up for their beliefs even though they knew that they would be executed. This shows courage, self-pride and integrity, as they would rather risk their lives than cause shame upon themselves and their family’s, unlike other characters who tried to pass the blame like Abigail and Tituba. The abuse of power is a significant subject in the play, as people with too much of it end up doing morally wrong things unto others. This is shown in the opening acts of the play when Reverend Parris suspects witchcraft. When Reverend Hale, an authority on witchcraft, arrives at the house, he tries to rouse Betty about the incident in the woods, without success. He then begins to question Abigail Williams who is afraid and accuses Tituba of conjuring the devil. Tituba is brought in and coerced into submitting to the allegations made against her.

Jc Penny Essay

This is not the first time that this company has been faced with adversity. The first time was in the 1960’s when shopping went from downtown locations to more uptown locations in malls. The company transitioned to mall locations to cope with the change. This time the change did not come easy to the company. In fact this change has cost the company millions. This time JC Penney’s was faced with a challenge that they wanted to change. They wanted to transition the public’s perception of them. They no longer wanted to be viewed as an old fashioned department store. The company no longer wanted sales or clearance racks. They wanted to change the whole retail climate. They called it fair and square pricing (Baskin, 2013). This came off a lot like Wal-Mart’s always low prices campaign. This sounds like a great idea to me. However, it failed for many reasons. The main reason because it was confusing to consumers. While the other main reason being poor marketing. Many people sat in anticipation of this new campaign by JCPenney’s. There were just as many supporters in the beginning as well. When I heard of this I thought of an upscale Wal-Mart. Low prices I do not have to shop for sales anymore because these should be low prices every day. However, very shortly after this I found myself not shopping there at all. Consumers want a deal, and they do not feel that deal when they shop there anymore. It is the thrill of the hunt for consumers. Not only that but the sales ad and clearance racks used to change. They are no longer changing prices so there is no need to go daily, weekly, or even monthly. Customers may check there as a way to show case, but they are not buying. Without the sales and without the sale advertisements the company is not bringing in nearly the amount of people that were coming into the store to score the best deal. Next the advertisements they are sending out are worded poorly. They are no longer doing sales but they do mail out what they called month long value. Customers did not understand the wording of it. It was never broken down for them. Ideally they had sales, but they were not called the standard name. Therefore, customers missed out on them and they were not bringing in the clientele like a â€Å"sale† probably would have. They were not able to embrace JC Penney’s new tactic. Another problem with this campaign is that the average consumer does not know what the clothing costs. Therefore they think it should be or could be marked down. They have no idea if they were getting a good deal or not. Again the thrill of the hunt is gone, and still makes the customers confused. It was confusing to customers and that means there is a problem in marketing. When a place makes changes that could potentially be confusing marketing is the key. However, there advertisements were so irreverent that they made even less sense to begin with. They came up with a campaign after their numbers dropped called â€Å"do the math. † It was supposed to show how much easier it is to just get a low price in the beginning rather than use a coupon. This action failed for the company. The CEO Ron Johnson came out and reported later that â€Å"it was confusing† to some of their consumers (Baskin, 2013). It’s no wonder that they lost customers. They did not target other competitors about their prices just what the company was trying to do. Last but not least they attempted to open little stores inside their stores. It was a Martha Stewart collection like IKEA. Even that failed because Martha Stewart was not able to put her name on it, because she was still in litigation over her brand. So, it was still branded as JC Penney’s. Not that the name would have made much difference, but it was not thoroughly hought out within the company. Also, this is not a new tactic stores have been doing this for years. The renovation of the stores to add in this small store was costly. It has cost the company millions of dollars. It has depleted their cash, and has also caused their credit rating to drop (Baskin, 2013). This was a costly decision to make when sale s were already down. Here is the largest problem that they had they wanted become a high end store in a low end economy. If I were the CEO of JC Penney I would make quite a few changes. My first change would have been to go back to traditional wording for now. These are the words that customers are the most familiar with. I understand that some companies like to do all their changes at once because it is cheaper. However, when you are changing familiar terms it is wise to do it slowly. Or at least explain it as thoroughly as possible. Change is needed as a society, but no one likes change, because of this I feel that they should be done slowly and over a period of time. I would also have changed the price tags on their merchandise. In order to make someone feel like they are getting a deal I would change how they were priced. I would put a suggested retail price and then put â€Å"our† price on the label. This would appear to customers that they were getting a deal. Sales are because the prices are higher than what they need to be. The advertising is all about â€Å"trickery† to pull people in. In reality they were still doing sales but they were not called sales, and people did not buy into it. By changing the price tags on the items the customers are still getting the thrill of the buy. They can see what their item is going for at their competitor’s location, and impulse buy. This helps eliminate â€Å"showroom† shopping. Or leaving to check their prices somewhere else. If it is a matter of a few dollars they will not go back to purchase. However, if they can see the deal they will buy. Instead of focusing on expanding a business inside of an already expanding business I would have spent the money elsewhere. Imagine if they could have established new rules for buyers. Gone back to JC Penney’s original roots and prove their claims. It could have created new financing and lay-away policies that communicated value, and used social media to create meaningful communities of consumers who wanted to track and participate in conversations about prices. Employees could have been recruited and trained to offer a fundamentally new customer experience based on integrity. They could have changed the way Americans shop and feel they should stop. I would not have wasted money on an advertisement that was bewildering. I would have spent money marketing on calling competitors out on their prices. Sharing the news on how Penney’s was changing. How they were forward looking. Instead of making confusing ads with no sales just to avoid the word sale I wouldn’t have tried to stay away from it. Since they were still doing sales but not doing sales on certain items. Limiting the sales options were not the problem the problem was using unfamiliar wording. Measuring some of these techniques could be hard to do. Going back to traditional wording would be one way that is hard to track. However, I believe it would go hand in hand with how you would track the new price tags. That would be sales. With these new changes and advertisements I would think that sales would increase. I would not look at the actual accounting book but do a twelve month comparison on the sales on each individual store. This is time consuming and costly but I think it is the only way to see how each store is doing in comparison to how they were doing the previous month and year. During high sale times I would make sure I would have as much staff as possible on the floor to assist our customers. Maybe they do not need help but a casual conversation can lead into why they came into this department store and not the one across the way. Along with this I would like to institute team meetings once a week where department heads meet with their front line employees on all shifts. To find out their ideas and where they are hearing concerns are. Then I would have them write them up and do a teleconference with each store head to hear these ideas, questions, or concerns. I feel this is an open door policy. I would also include suggestion boxes not only in the store, but in the break room for employees so they could bring these up anonymously if they felt the need to. Also, I would work on getting the contact information to employees for everyone in charge. Change can happen and many great ideas come from the front line, because they see and do it every day. However, their voices are not often heard. To measure the effectiveness of advertising I would do a few things. I would add a survey at the end of their receipt to figure out what they thought about the advertisement. I would also add a quick questionnaire in the store that the customer could fill out. I would also make it known that there is a number they can call at any time with questions. I would make it so that they could be heard with questions and concerns. Before I launched a campaign I would have a test market so that we could see what people could recall from the add, as well as find out if there was any confusion on what may have been advertised. The sales would play a large part also in whether it was an effective campaign. A company that has been operating for 100 years is struggling. JC Penney ’s was once a fashion icon to children, young adults, and teens. Beginning in 1913 it currently operates over 1000 stores. Growing up my sister and I waited to go through their catalogue. However, in the last few years something has changed. The company didn’t look far enough ahead to the future to predict these changes. They tried to become a higher end boutique like store in an economy that could not support it. Poor marketing and too many changes has made this one booming store one of the top ten stores that are predicted to be out of business in the next year. Works Cited Baskin, J. (2013, January 2). Lessons From JC Penney’s Doomed Marketing Makeover. Retrieved May 12, 2013 , from Forbes: http://www. forbes. com/sites/jonathansalembaskin/2013/01/02/lessons-from-j-c-penneys-doomed-marketing-makeover/ Tuttle, B. (2012, June 19). More Troubles for JCPenney: Top Executive Departs Amid Sales Slump. Retrieved May 12, 2013, from Time Magazine: http://business. time. com/2012/06/19/more-troubles-for-jcpenney-top-executive-departs-amid-sales-slump/

Hydraulic Fracturing

Is hydrologic fracturing a suitable form of energy production? Over the past 85 years, the American Petroleum Institute, API, has been developing and refining engineering standards and practices for the industry. The past decade has brought about a new practice which involves hydraulic fracturing in order to produce oil and natural gas in places where conventional technologies are ineffective. This is a rather in depth process. Firstly, a production drill is drilled through the rock layers to intersect the coal seem that contains coal bed methane, CBM. Next, fractures are created or existing fractures are enlarged in the coal seem so that the CBM can be drawn from the well and pumped to the surface. These fractures are created or enlarged by using a thick water-based fluid which is gradually increased by rate and pressure. Then, over time the coal seam is unable to keep up with the fracturing fluid which results in high pressure causing the coal to fracture along the weaknesses within. Sand is pumped into these fractures to keep them ‘propped’ open after the pressures are released. The first diagram in the appendix shows what occurs in the subsurface during a typical hydraulic fracturing event. After a period of fluid recovery or groundwater extraction is when the extraction of CBM occurs. As pumping continues, the pressure eventually decreases so that the methane desorbs from the coal, flows and is extracted through the production well. The fracture created acts as a conduit in the rock or coal formation, allowing the CBM to flow more freely from the coal seems through the fracture system and to the production where gas is pumped to the surface. Unlike conventional gas production, the amount of water extracted declines proportionally with increasing CBM production (US EPA, 2004). The demand of natural gas is expected to increase drastically over the next 20 years, causing the need for innovative production to fill the growing demand. Many may believe that there are other ways to fulfill the need of natural gas, due to production concerns, but this is a suitable form of energy production. Hydraulic fracturing should be used because it will provide a significant increase in jobs, economic growth, and clean burning energy. The Keystone XL pipeline has had much controversy in the news recently. This pipeline is an extension onto the existing pipeline running from Canada to the United States. The pipeline would increase crude oil capacity between the two countries allowing for a more diverse supply among the United States’ worldwide crude oil sources, shorten the transportation pathway for crude oil supplies, and increase the crude oil supplies from a major non-organization of petroleum exporting countries producer. â€Å"The use of hydraulic fracturing will help make our country more energy self-reliant and more secure† (Green, 2012). This statement was made by the API President and CEO, Jack Gerard during the second State of American Energy event January 4. He also proceeded to state that the United State’s resources on and offshore are among the largest in the world. This means that with the right policies in place, there could be 100 percent of our liquid fuel needs supplied domestically and from Canada by 2026. Also, with a pro-energy development approach 1 million new US jobs by 2018 could be produced along with billions of dollars in additional revenue to government (Green, 2012). The increase in jobs from this production is approximately 334,000 in the past two years after the 3 million manufacturing jobs lost from 2001-2007. Hydraulic fracturing has rapidly increased the domestic production of natural gas and has seen low domestic prices for households. Figure five below shows the increase in production rates over the last several years (Green, 2012). The oppositions to this vision are primarily political on an ecological level. In order for the process to run smoothly water use is needed. Many think that the water used for hydraulic fracturing could deplete fresh water supplies and impact aquatic habitat. Some also say that the groundwater could be contaminated. Some hydraulic fracturing fluids can also contain chemicals. Typically a mixture of water, proppants and chemicals are what is pumped into the rock or coal to fracture the wells. Eco-friendly leaders and environmentalists are taking a stand to state that these chemicals, use of water and damage to groundwater are not acceptable and this energy method should not be used. Firstly, chemicals typically make up just 0. and 2% of the total volume of the fracturing fluid with the majority being water. Secondly, natural gas emits fewer greenhouse gases than other fossil fuels, about half as much of carbon dioxide as coal which contributes to less global warming. Thirdly, with the halting of fracturing in some states due to pressures from environmental and public health groups asking the EPA for tests and proof that it is safe to continue with this type of energy production, supporters are concerned that it could hinder U. S. job growth and energy output in a time of need (McLendon, 2010). The tests from the EPA will take roughly two years, so until then it is a waiting process. As you can see, this is a roughly new energy production that does need to be researched more. From my point of view the pros seem to outweigh the cons. I think more tests and actual data about contamination and whether it is really safe will be the true test. The increase in jobs, economic growth, and clean burning energy is most definitely what this country needs right now. The true outlook on this issue will come towards the later part of this year when the test results conclude. References Green, M. (2012, January 05). Starting the energy debate. Retrieved from http://energytomorrow. org/blog/starting-the-energy-debate/ McLendon, R. (2010, December 10). Big frack attack: Is hydraulic fracturing safe?. Retrieved from http://www. mnn. com/earth-matters/translating-uncle-sam/stories/big-frack-attack-is-hydraulic-fracturing-safe US EPA. (2004, June). Evaluation of impacts to underground sources of drinking water by hydraulic fracturing of coalbed methane reservoirs. Retrieved from http://www. epa. gov/safewater/uic/pdfs/cbmstudy_attach_uic_exec_summ. pdf Appendix Hydraulic Fracturing Is hydrologic fracturing a suitable form of energy production? Over the past 85 years, the American Petroleum Institute, API, has been developing and refining engineering standards and practices for the industry. The past decade has brought about a new practice which involves hydraulic fracturing in order to produce oil and natural gas in places where conventional technologies are ineffective. This is a rather in depth process. Firstly, a production drill is drilled through the rock layers to intersect the coal seem that contains coal bed methane, CBM. Next, fractures are created or existing fractures are enlarged in the coal seem so that the CBM can be drawn from the well and pumped to the surface. These fractures are created or enlarged by using a thick water-based fluid which is gradually increased by rate and pressure. Then, over time the coal seam is unable to keep up with the fracturing fluid which results in high pressure causing the coal to fracture along the weaknesses within. Sand is pumped into these fractures to keep them ‘propped’ open after the pressures are released. The first diagram in the appendix shows what occurs in the subsurface during a typical hydraulic fracturing event. After a period of fluid recovery or groundwater extraction is when the extraction of CBM occurs. As pumping continues, the pressure eventually decreases so that the methane desorbs from the coal, flows and is extracted through the production well. The fracture created acts as a conduit in the rock or coal formation, allowing the CBM to flow more freely from the coal seems through the fracture system and to the production where gas is pumped to the surface. Unlike conventional gas production, the amount of water extracted declines proportionally with increasing CBM production (US EPA, 2004). The demand of natural gas is expected to increase drastically over the next 20 years, causing the need for innovative production to fill the growing demand. Many may believe that there are other ways to fulfill the need of natural gas, due to production concerns, but this is a suitable form of energy production. Hydraulic fracturing should be used because it will provide a significant increase in jobs, economic growth, and clean burning energy. The Keystone XL pipeline has had much controversy in the news recently. This pipeline is an extension onto the existing pipeline running from Canada to the United States. The pipeline would increase crude oil capacity between the two countries allowing for a more diverse supply among the United States’ worldwide crude oil sources, shorten the transportation pathway for crude oil supplies, and increase the crude oil supplies from a major non-organization of petroleum exporting countries producer. â€Å"The use of hydraulic fracturing will help make our country more energy self-reliant and more secure† (Green, 2012). This statement was made by the API President and CEO, Jack Gerard during the second State of American Energy event January 4. He also proceeded to state that the United State’s resources on and offshore are among the largest in the world. This means that with the right policies in place, there could be 100 percent of our liquid fuel needs supplied domestically and from Canada by 2026. Also, with a pro-energy development approach 1 million new US jobs by 2018 could be produced along with billions of dollars in additional revenue to government (Green, 2012). The increase in jobs from this production is approximately 334,000 in the past two years after the 3 million manufacturing jobs lost from 2001-2007. Hydraulic fracturing has rapidly increased the domestic production of natural gas and has seen low domestic prices for households. Figure five below shows the increase in production rates over the last several years (Green, 2012). The oppositions to this vision are primarily political on an ecological level. In order for the process to run smoothly water use is needed. Many think that the water used for hydraulic fracturing could deplete fresh water supplies and impact aquatic habitat. Some also say that the groundwater could be contaminated. Some hydraulic fracturing fluids can also contain chemicals. Typically a mixture of water, proppants and chemicals are what is pumped into the rock or coal to fracture the wells. Eco-friendly leaders and environmentalists are taking a stand to state that these chemicals, use of water and damage to groundwater are not acceptable and this energy method should not be used. Firstly, chemicals typically make up just 0. and 2% of the total volume of the fracturing fluid with the majority being water. Secondly, natural gas emits fewer greenhouse gases than other fossil fuels, about half as much of carbon dioxide as coal which contributes to less global warming. Thirdly, with the halting of fracturing in some states due to pressures from environmental and public health groups asking the EPA for tests and proof that it is safe to continue with this type of energy production, supporters are concerned that it could hinder U. S. job growth and energy output in a time of need (McLendon, 2010). The tests from the EPA will take roughly two years, so until then it is a waiting process. As you can see, this is a roughly new energy production that does need to be researched more. From my point of view the pros seem to outweigh the cons. I think more tests and actual data about contamination and whether it is really safe will be the true test. The increase in jobs, economic growth, and clean burning energy is most definitely what this country needs right now. The true outlook on this issue will come towards the later part of this year when the test results conclude. References Green, M. (2012, January 05). Starting the energy debate. Retrieved from http://energytomorrow. org/blog/starting-the-energy-debate/ McLendon, R. (2010, December 10). Big frack attack: Is hydraulic fracturing safe?. Retrieved from http://www. mnn. com/earth-matters/translating-uncle-sam/stories/big-frack-attack-is-hydraulic-fracturing-safe US EPA. (2004, June). Evaluation of impacts to underground sources of drinking water by hydraulic fracturing of coalbed methane reservoirs. Retrieved from http://www. epa. gov/safewater/uic/pdfs/cbmstudy_attach_uic_exec_summ. pdf Appendix

Sports Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sports Industry - Essay Example Different sports have become to be associated with the life of the people. Take the example of football game. Champion league has grown to be a famous sports event for many people all over the world which is bringing in millions of pounds to Europe. In England, the premier league is dear to the English people and attracts funs all over the world. Sports in England have grown to be a big business. (Bourke, 2003) With this growth, there have been many transactions that are going on. To promote honesty in the industry, it must be protected by laws that are enacted in the constitution of the individual countries. The industry has been streamlined by legal enactments which ensure that there are honesty deals going on in the industry. Football game has been one of the games that have been guarded by legislation that has enabled judgment of legal cases that has threatened to crumble the industry. Transfer of players from one club to another has been dodged by controversies which are always settled in the court. Match fixing scandals in have also been taken to courts. In Italy match fixing scandals has attracted the attention of the world and has consequently led to review of laws that govern sports in most countries. There has been other transaction in the industry which calls for legal enactment to protect them. Take example of intellectual property. Intellectual properties like trademarks, logo s, domain names, copyright and patents owned by individual and clubs needs to be protected. There has to be legal structures that support these intellectual properties. (Ben, 2006) Another aspect of the industry that has attracted legal enactments is contracts signed between different players in the industry. Clubs enter into contract with individual and sign them as part of their squads. Individual sport person enter into legal contracts with their promoters. The provisions of these contracts must be protected by the law of the land to make sure that none of the party exploits the other and no one bleaches the contract. Legal enactments have been crucial in ensuring that the industry is run smoothly in terms of signing of contracts between different individuals with individuals and clubs. To comply with the rising need for legal legislation in the sport industry, each individual authority overseeing a specific sport has move to draft laws that defines the operation in the industry. FIFA is the world body that governs football and has moved fast draft legislation that governs the football industry. The Judo association in the UK, the British Judo Association has its own legislation that governs the sport. Other legislations are meant to protect the identity of sport bodies in the United Kingdom. For example, The British Olympic Association has legislation that protects the use of five rings which are meant for Olympic. The use of the ring and other insignias is protected under the law where the association has exclusive rights of using these symbols. The association was give this right in 1995 through an act of parliament after a long debate. Another area in sports that is governed in the UK is the collective sale of sports and TV rights. This has been featured in the UK legislation. This legislation was meant of make the industry self sustaining by collecting fee from the sales in all major events. This has seen the emergence of British

Administration and Executive Support Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Administration and Executive Support - Essay Example The customers count on the company to deliver exceptional services each day and connect them with the world as well as steer their businesses and in their quest to satisfy customers, they need a good managerial structure. An administrative assistant in the company is responsible for administrative as well as clerical duties to run the organization efficiently. These tasks include co-ordination of the administrative activities, retrieving, storing and integrating and relaying information to staff and clients. As a result, administrative assistants must possess certain qualities and skills that will help them carry out duties efficiently in line with the goals and objectives of the company. Key qualities and skills of an administrative assistant Good communication is not only the backbone but also an asset to every business, and thus, an administrative assistant must possess excellent communication skills. Outstanding communication skills coupled with proper listening skills, gives the administrative assistant an ability to form good interpersonal relationships and know how to interact with people since they are in direct contact with customers and clients of the company. Other skills needed by an administrative assistant are organizational and time management skills. Since administrative assistants have multiple jobs and constantly multi-task, organization skills as well as the ability to pay attention to things are a must have qualities. These help them keep track of the duties and everything that is happening and prioritize the tasks, which can only be achieved by excellent time management skills. Confidentiality, dependability and reliability are other qualities that an administrative assistant should possess. They must show high level of or reliability and dependability since they are charged with numerous tasks and responsibilities. Administrative assistants interact with customers directly and so they are bound to know information about their customers thu s they are required to be able to keep the information safe and not be the chief gossipers in the office. They should also be very knowledgeable on the company’s products so that they present precise and non conflicting information to clients. They should also exhibit good customer service orientation, personal appearance, attitude and competence since they interact with client or customers on a daily basis. In addition, a good administrative assistant must have certain traits such as honesty, respect, flexibility, trustworthiness and sound work ethics. There are significant because their close interaction with managers allows them to hold crucial information that must be protected and these qualities form the pillar to safeguarding such information. Individual Action Plan Method Details When? Why? Outcome Virtual training Training on virtual methods of working May, 2012 Help in becoming a virtual administrative assistance Public Relations Participation involves external stak eholders June, 2012 Learn how to interact with external stakeholders Leadership development management Participants are placed in three diverse work assignments August, 2012 Develop competitive leadership skills and experience to perform well. ICT Involve learning new IT services September Keep up with the changing ICT technologies Record keeping Training on methods and ways of keeping records October Lear how to arrange and keep records in orderly manner Stakeholder refers to a person, an organization or a group of people who have direct and indirect contact with the organization and is affected or affect policies, actions and objectives of that organization. These group and people include customers, supplies and distributers, shareholders, the local

Chemistry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Chemistry - Essay Example Aluminium is metal with atomic number 13 and it will combine by loosing two electrons. Beryllium and aluminium are metals and will combine with other elements by loosing electrons while oxygen will combine by gaining electrons, therefore our empirical formula will have the following formula: Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons; the atomic number is equal to the number of protons therefore Pn has the atomic number 117. Because atoms are neutral then the number of electrons is equal to the number of neutrons. The atomic number is 117; this means that the electronic arrangement is 2: 8:18:32:50:7 this is given by the formula 2N2 which give us the maximum number of electrons in each cell where N is the shell number. We have 6 shells and 7 electrons in the last shell, this means that the element belongs to the 7th period and the 17th group. The empirical formula will be Pn2O7 because oxygen will tend to gain two electrons or loose 6 electrons and Pn will also tend to gain one electron or loose 7 electrons, therefore the highest normal oxide will be loosing Pn loosing seven electrons and Oxygen gaining two electrons. Six decays means loosing six neutrons, and bearing in mind that the number of neutrons is equal to the number of electrons and that the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons then our resulting element will have an atomic number 67-6 = 61.