Thursday, October 31, 2019

Cats and Girls painting by Balthus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cats and Girls painting by Balthus - Essay Example The essay "Cats and Girls painting by Balthus" explores Balthus's Cats and Girls painting. Farago in his article expresses similar misunderstanding where he likens the current state of media with Bathus’ works. Hence, implying for anything to have adequate and sizable audience ought to exhibit a certain degree of nudity though based on Bathus’ works the nudity of small girls could only being in the minds of pervert people. According to Bathus, his characters comprised of girls barely out of puberty whereby those who viewed them ought not to entertain thoughts of nudity that could attract somebody sexually because they were all children. This perception did not convince numerous scholars and especially viewers whereby some termed certain portraits extremely disturbing. Hence, prompting Metropolitan Museum of Art choose certain section solely for those works that were provocative such that viewers especially those with children could not visit towards those sections (Smit h). Smith in his article speaks plainly referring Bathus’ preference of depicting nude adolescents as â€Å"infatuation† irrespective of their age. Since, compared to varied mediums used by other artists he tends to exhibit unequaled preference of young nude girls though in his work they seem naà ¯ve and unaware of any strangeness of exposing themselves. Similarly, Gensler towards the end of his article contends Bathus’ images contrary to what he may imply; relay erotic content mostly associated with wicked imagination. especially when staring at teen girls. The affirmation of this is evident with the presence of a cat though to numerous viewers they may end up taking its presence literally but according to Gensler, it is a deeper assertion of sexuality. Hence, violating children’s privacy and sexuality whereby in the latter trying to exhibit a man can at will â€Å"access† budding womanhood (Gensler). This is highest level of provocation despite the artist trying to imply literally encompasses naivety of little girls and their love for cats. Conversely, Magada-Ward despite finding Bathus’ works depicting unequaled provocation especially concerning the sexuality of young girls; she adopts point that is more neutral by comparing what other interpreters have cited about true intend of the artist. Since, this is what matters despite viewers bearing their own interpretations. In her interpretation while taking care of layperson’s perspective, Bathus through his works he presents the age gap when a girl is trying to discover herself before entering to full womanhood (Magada-Ward 26). Hence, the presence of mirrors that serve the purposes of â€Å"metaphors for the pleasure of self-recognition3† and â€Å"vehicles for self-comprehension4† whose presence in the artworks is imagery as a reflection of one’s status similar to the girls once they are studying themselves (Magada-Ward 26). Magada-Ward b esides analyzing Bathu’s implication, she offers her interpretation and criticism that almost aligns with that of layperson though hers is a bit mild. This is because of her recognition that artworks play the role of arousing people’s tensions into retaliations, which differ across individuals based on morals and what one deems to be

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Dama presented for examination Essay Example for Free

Dama presented for examination Essay A written account of practical work undertaken in year 11 resulting in a piece of drama presented for examination. We started the Christmas term 2001 with group warm-up exercises, before even thinking about what we were going to perform in late November or who we were going to work with. These were fun class activities, used to build up group relationships. We did such things as human noughts and crosses, using nine chairs in a 3 by 3 square with the girls as noughts and the boys as crosses. We played 5 games, resulting in one draw and the boys winning 3 to the girls 1. It was fun and used really to warm us up. We then went on to play two games of winking murder. We all sat round in a circle on chairs with our eyes closed while Mrs. Powles walked round the circle tapping someone on the shoulder, telling that person that they are the murderer. Then its all eyes open and we try to work out who the murderer is. Meanwhile, the murderer is winking discreetly at people, killing them. It was very enjoyable and it helped to build up group relationships. Following that, we were assigned the task of pretending to be a salesperson of some description at a drinks evening. We had to decide what we were selling and how to sell it. Once that was decided, we had to go around the class introducing ourselves to each other and trying to sell our product to them in under 2 minutes. It involved much interaction between us all and helped tremendously to strengthen group relationships. Shortly after, we were asked to write on a piece of paper who we wanted to work with and who we did not want to work with if we thought that we would not produce to the best of our ability if we were with them. Finally, I ended up working with Elise, which was great as I had never worked with her before and we were good friends. She didnt seem to complain either, which was a good sign. Then we spent an entire double lesson going through all of Mrs. Powles plays that she had to decide on one to perform an extract out of for the exam in December. We settled finally on an extract from the play The Norman Conquests by Alan Ayckbourn, as we both decided that we wanted to do a comical piece, but not farcical, so it fitted nicely. After searching through the book for a while, we finally came across a suitable duologue between Norman and Sarah. Norman is a librarian, but this definitely does not define his character at all. He is a womaniser, married to Ruth, attempted to have an affair with her sister Annie who is engaged to Tom, and is now working his charms on his other sister-in-law, Sarah, Elises character, who is married to Reg. Sarah is a more strict, clean, and prim character. However, it is sometimes clear that Sarah is quite jealous of Annie because she is the one that Norman says he wants and she wants to replace Annie in Normans eyes. It does eventually happen, as in the second scene they kiss. The extract immediately appealed to both of us, so we decided to give it a try. The extract we did in November was actually two different dialogues taken from two different points in the play. The first is set in the living room in the house and the second is set in the garden. Immediate difficulties we experienced with the exert were few, but as ever there were some. The biggest problem in my mind at the beginning was how to perform the kissing part of the second scene effectively and without embarrassment. It really needed to look convincing as it is the peak of Sarahs life, experiencing the closest thing she will ever feel to true love. It was essential that this came across in the performance. Then came the blocking of the scenes. First of all we just exchanged ideas and thoughts, coming up with a skeletal plan for how to go about performing both scenes. We discussed things such as how lines should be spoken, facial expressions and other small but significant effects. Afterwards we concentrated mainly on the first scene to get that near-perfect before trying the second scene. Once we had familiarized ourselves with the scene and had fairly certain ideas about what to do, we started to really act it out. Not long after, we did hot-seating as a class in which the person in the hot-seat had to answer their questions as their character. I enjoyed listening to other people answer questions with much thought, as they delved into previously unexplored regions of their character. When my turn came, I found it to be a very interesting experience, being able to answer questions as a different person. I had to capture his frame of mind and be able to answer the questions convincingly as Norman. It really helped me to get to grips with Normans character, behaviour and motivation and also to further my acting ability as Norman. When it was Elises turn, it too helped me to understand her character better than I previously did, which enabled me to respond to her better in the play. Following that, we spent most, if not all, of our time concentrating on the first scene, filling in the gaps and finalising parts of it. Performing it in front of the class also helped a lot as it was open to criticism and any ideas from the class or Mrs. Powles. One idea that really affected what we had rehearsed so far was that at the beginning of the first scene, Sarah storms in and physically removes my feet from the arm of the armchair before she sits on it. We had thought this to be a good idea to convey that Sarah was angry with Norman, which she was. The suggestion was that this was not a bad idea, just that it would be more effective if Sarah came in and stared at my feet distastefully, as if daring me to leave them there. When I then remove them, she brushes the arm with her hand before sitting in the chair. This, we decided, was much better than our original plan as it shows that Sarah is a less physical person, more prim and uptight. Throughout all the extract from then on, the amount of physical interaction Sarah did was kept to a bare minimum. We started needing the script less and less and we started on the second scene a definite sign of all-round progress. I found the second scene much more difficult to do than the first, mainly for two reasons. The first was that I had to act drunk, as prior to this scene, offstage, Norman has been consuming large amounts of wine. The real difficulty with this was that I had to appear drunk by staggering around and slurring my words. The staggering part was okay to act but the slurring was the real problem as I still had to be understood by the audience. With practice and advice form Mrs. Powles, however, this problem was soon overcome. The second problem was the kissing part. We knew this would be difficult when we chose the piece, but we still chose to do it. Once the initial embarrassment of it was overcome, there was still an awkward feeling as Elise was my friend. But this we endured right up to the end. As the exam date drew nearer, we spent our time polishing up the piece and adding finishing touches to it, such as sound effects and music. We spent a lot of time searching through the sound effects for some birdsong to be used at the beginning of the second scene, just to inform the audience that it was set outside. As for music, we originally thought about using When a man loves a woman, but in the end we decided on using Irresistible by the Corrs. For lighting effects, we used straw and golden gels on fresnel spots. With regards to costume, we decided that I would look best in a pair of corduroy trousers with a check shirt. But unfortunately I could not obtain a pair of corduroy trousers, so we settled for a pair of chinos with a leather belt. This, we thought, conveyed Normans character quite well; not trendy or modern, yet laid back and charming. For Sarah, we both decided that Elise would look appropriate in a grey skirt suit, as it would convey Sarahs prim and proper personality. When the final day came, it went very smoothly. Neither of us made any real mistakes and our lines were as perfect as they ever would have been. Overall we were both very pleased with our final performance. And, thankfully the audience did seem to enjoy it as they laughed in all the right places, sometimes a bit more enthusiastically than we both had previously expected, which could have meant only good things.

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Child Sexual Abuse Case Management

Child Sexual Abuse Case Management Rape: Child Sexual Abuse Deirdre F Smith Social Work and Criminal Justice A violent crime is a  crime  in which an offender uses or threatens force upon a victim. This entails both crimes in which the  violent  act is the objective, such as murder, as well as crimes in which violence is the means to an end, such as robbery. Violent crimes may, or may not, be committed with weapons. Depending on the jurisdiction, violent crimes may vary from homicide to harassment. (Violent Crime) Rape falls into the category as a violent crime. Rape is a type of  sexual assault  usually involving  sexual intercourse  or other forms of  sexual penetration  initiated against one or more individuals without the consent  of those individuals. The act may be carried out by physical force, coercion, abuse of authority or against a person who is incapable of valid consent, such as one who is unconscious, incapacitated, or below the legal age of consent. The term rape is sometimes used interchangeably with the term sexual assault. (Rape) It is commonly believed that rape only happens to women and children, but this is false because it can also happen to men. Rape is not about sex, but about power. One out of every six American womenhas been the victim of an attempted or completed rape in her lifetime. 17.7 million American womenhave been victims of attempted or completed rape. The Average number of rapes that occur annually in the United States is 89,000. Men make up 3% of the total rapes. Children under the age of 12 make up 15%.There is still 60% of rapes never reported and 95% of college rapes are also never reported. There are 47% of rapes that have occurred while both the victim and perpetrator had both been drinking. Victims of rape are more likely to suffer from depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, abuse alcohol and/or drugs, and contemplate suicide. (Who are the Victims?) The rape of a child is referred to as child sexual abuse. Child sexual abuse is a form of  child abuse  in which an adult or older adolescent uses a child for sexual stimulation. Forms of child sexual abuse include asking or pressuring a child to engage in  sexual activities  (regardless of the outcome),  indecent exposure(of the genitals, female nipples, etc.) to a child with intent to gratify their own sexual desires  or to intimidate or  groom  the child, physical sexual contact with a child, or using a child to produce  child pornography. The  American Psychiatric Association  states that children cannot consent to sexual activity with adults, and condemns any such action by an adult: An adult who engages in sexual activity with a child is performing a criminal and immoral act which never can be considered normal or socially acceptable behavior. Rapes can occur in either the perpetrators or victims’ home, in a vehicle, outdoors, in a bar, or anywhere. Sometimes it can occur in the home that both the victim and perpetrator share, because most people are raped by someone they know including a spouse. Since rape or sexual assault is under reported only about 3% of rapist will ever spend a day in jail. (Rape Statistics, 2014) Under federal law, the punishment for rape can range from a fine to  life imprisonment. The severity of the punishment is based on the use of violence, the age of the victim, and whether drugs or intoxicants were used to override consent. If the perpetrator is a repeat offender the law prescribes automatically doubling the maximum sentence. A person who has committed such offenses gains the label as a sex offender. Once you are given that title you will forever carry that label. Even upon release of incarceration, one still must register as a sex offender with local law enforcement and follow specific guidelines which includes, informing law enforcement if you move and update any information. You will be placed in a public database where your status is automatically known. Children who have been sexually abused may feel guilty, ashamed, or confused so, they may not tell anyone. There are symptoms that you can look for they may tell you that a child is being sexually abused. The symptoms include withdrawal from friends or activities, may become aggressive, changes in school behavior and attendance, depressed, and attempt to runway or commit suicide. There can also be physical signs of sexual abuse such as, Sexual behavior or knowledge thats inappropriate for the childs age, pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), trouble walking or sitting, or sexually abusing other children. (Child Abuse Symptoms) Children who have been abused sexually are 25% more likely to experience teen pregnancy. The effects of child abuse are also that they begin drug and/or alcohol use, commit violent crimes, become depressed, and have low self-esteem. Some may actually become abusers themselves. They develop psychiatric disorders that carry on into their adulthood. Some will become involve in abusive relationship and some become promiscuous. As adults they may even take jobs as prostitutes. (Rape Statistics, 2014) As a social worker, working with sexually abused children you may experience conflicts between personal values and professional values. There are certain standard you must adhere to according to the NASW when dealing with adolescence. Standards for the Practice of Social Work with Adolescents: Standard 1. Social workers shall demonstrate knowledge and understanding of adolescent development. Standard 2. Social workers shall demonstrate an understanding of and ability to assess the needs of adolescents; access social institutions, organizations, and resources within a community that provide services for adolescents and their families; and advocate for the development of needed resources. Standard 3. Social workers shall demonstrate knowledge and understanding of family dynamics. Standard 4. Social workers shall demonstrate acceptance of and contribute to the development and maintenance of culturally competent service delivery. Standard 5. Social workers shall possess or have access to specialized knowledge of the legal, regulatory, and administrative requirements and resources for youths and their families. Standard 6. Social workers shall strive to empower adolescents. Standard 7. Social workers shall advocate for an understanding of the needs of adolescents and for resources and cooperation among professionals and agencies to meet those needs. Standard 8. Social workers shall participate in multidisciplinary case consultation across agencies that provide services to adolescents and their families. Standard 9. Social workers shall maintain confidentiality in their relationship with youths and of the information obtained within that relationship. Standard 10. Social workers shall assume an active role in contributing to the improvement and quality of the work environment, agency policies and practices with clients, and their own professional development. (NASW Standards for the Practice of Social Work with Adolescents, 1993) Treatment of child sexual abuse is a complex process. Orchestration of treatment in the childs best interest is a genuine challenge. Moreover, it is often difficult to know how to proceed because there are so few outcome studies of treatment effectiveness. When working with children it may be difficult because of lack of support from the family. Establishing trust with the child may be difficult. One of the reasons sexual abuse treatment is such a challenge is that it occurs in a larger context of intervention. Therefore, coordination is of utmost importance and ideally is provided by a multidisciplinary team. Treatment issues are then handled by the team as part of overall intervention. The following issues are the most important of those the team should consider at this stage of intervention: separation of the child and/or the offender from the family, the role of the juvenile court, the role of the criminal court, the treatment plan for the family, visitation, and family reunifica tion. (Child Welfare Information Gateway) Case management decisions are often provisional; that is, they are based on what information about the family members and their functioning is available when decisions are made. Treatment is often a diagnostic process. The positive or negative responses of family members to treatment determine future case decisions. Outcomes of court proceedings can impinge upon and alter case management decisions and treatment. (Child Welfare Information Gateway) Before you can give a child a treatment plan you have to consider should the child remain a part of the family, do the courts have a role in the case, and is there a question of visitation? This is actually where the conflict of person and professional values arises. You may feel that if the child was sexually abused at home, they should never be allowed to return. Professionally, reunification with the family is the goal if at all possible. The task of the therapist is to make victims feel whole and good about themselves again. Work, mentioned above, that addresses the issue of self-blame is helpful. However, so are interventions that help children view themselves as more than merely victims of sexual abuse. Normalizing and ego-enhancing activities, such as doing well in school, participating in sports, getting involved in scouts, or helping a younger victim, can be very important in victim recovery. (Child Welfare Information Gateway) Treatment options include group therapy, individual treatment, and family therapy. Group therapy is generally regarded as the treatment of choice for sexual abuse. However, usually groups are offered concurrent with other treatment modalities, and some clients may need individual treatment before they are ready for group therapy. Individual treatmentis appropriate for victim, offender, and mother of victim (as well as for siblings of victims and survivors). As a rule, an initial function and a major one for individual treatment is alliance building. All parties have to learn to trust the therapist and come to believe that change is possible and desirable. The members of this triad may have different levels of commitment to therapy, with the victim usually the most invested and the offender the least. Family therapyis the culmination of the treatment process and is usually not undertaken until there has been a determination that reunification is in the victims best interest. (Child We lfare Information Gateway) The reason I chose to this topic is not because a family member or a friend sexually abused me, but at the age of 17 I was raped by seven guys who I did not know. I did not say anything after it occurred because I felt like it was my fault. I was somewhere I shouldn’t have been and my parents didn’t know. In a way I thought of it as punishment for being disobedient. Afterwards, I had become angry, aggressive, and rebellious. I would run away from home because I caused all types of problems there. At that time I was in college, but of course I quit going. I began cutting myself and I showed other emotions other than anger. Finally, after trips to the Detention Center my mother finally took me to St. Dominic Mental Health. My therapist tried to talk to me, but of course I refused to talk. He told my mother I had sociopathic symptoms, because I showed no emotions and would not open up. After those attempts I was still acting out. She finally took me to a place called Our House Shelter. It was a runaway shelter. There I had group therapy and individual therapy. That’s where I found my help. It was a social worker named Ms. Tara who reached me. I have a great mother because she knew something was wrong with me and tried everything she could to help me. She could’ve given up on me but she didn’t. She still doesn’t know what happened to me and chose not to tell her. She was just happy to have her daughter back to normal. I have seen a couple of the guys throughout the time, but I have heard most of them are in jail or dead. Do I regret never telling? Yes, because I could have stopped someone from experiencing what I did. Because of that situation and the fact that I’m here has made me stronger. References Child Abuse Symptoms. (n.d.). Retrieved November 2014, from Mayo Clinic: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/child-abuse/basics/symptoms/CON-20033789 Child Welfare Information Gateway . (n.d.). Retrieved November 2014, from U.S. Department of Human Health Services: https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/usermanuals/sexabuse/sexabusef.cfm NASW Standards for the Practice of Social Work with Adolescents. (1993). Retrieved November 25014, from National Association of Social Work: http://socialworkers.org/practice/standards/sw_adolescents.asp Rape. (n.d.). Retrieved November 2014, from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rape Rape Statistics. (2014, July 8). Retrieved November 2014, from http://www.statisticbrain.com/rape-statistics/ Violent Crime. (n.d.). Retrieved November 2014, from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violent_crime Who are the Victims? (n.d.). Retrieved November 2014, from RAINN: https://www.rainn.org/get-information/statistics/sexual-assault-victims

Friday, October 25, 2019

Essay --

Have you ever seen commercials on television advertising allergy medications? The advertisement explains that taking the medication can cause abnormal sleep patterns, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, itching, watery eyes, rashes, and headaches. A conclusion could be made that the side effects of the product would be much worse than the allergy problem. However, people still buy the product. The lengths an average person will go in order to get a quick fix is amazing. It is this way of thinking that makes tanning beds so popular. Over the last decade, cancer causing tanning beds have given self-image issues to people across the world. For, example a self proclaimed â€Å"child of the 70’s†, Donna Moncivaiz soaked in the sun whenever possible. As an adult she graduated to tanning beds and allowed her teenaged children use them also. Two years ago 51 year old Donna was diagnosed with melanoma. She had lost her gallbladder. Her daughter has also been diagnosed with an early stag e of melanoma. Donna states â€Å"If I had known what I know now, it never would have happened.† Many people will do things that will make you think that tanning is something they need to survive like spending millions of dollars in a life time for tanning beds, ending up becoming addicted to it, as well as they could get many types of skin cancers later on in life. All these things just for something that can hurt you in your life time and can kill you as well. So why even start? So why do people go tanning? Many people go tanning to get the feeling of beauty. In society today, having a tan is thought to be one of the most attractive and appealing senses to the opposite sex. Unfortunately, tanning beds are used most frequently among teenagers. This is especially harmful bec... ... cause death to someone. Skin cancers are separated into two categories. First one is malignant melanomas and non melanoma. The first is basal cell carcinoma; basal cell carcinoma begins in the lowest layer of the epidermis, the basal cell layer. Basal cell cancer accounts for 75% of all skin cancers. This type of skin cancer tends to be slow growing and is usually is found in areas that are highly exposed to sunlight, such as the head or neck. People with lighter skin are more likely to get basal cell cancer than are dark skinned people. The second type is called squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for 20% of all skin cancers, and penetrates the skin more than basal cell would, therefore, is considered to be more harmful. The growth of a squamous cell is more quicker than a basal cell. It can spread to the lymph nodes, arms, neck, and the head.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

The Teacher Preparation Programme Education Essay

Introduction Teaching practicum is portion of the instructor readying programme. Every pupil instructors needs to undergo learning practicum in order to finish their instruction classs so as University of Malaya TESL ( Teaching English as 2nd linguistic communication ) undergraduates. University of Malaya TESL undergraduates need to travel for learning practicum during their 4th twelvemonth in order to finish their class, Bachelor in Education ( TESL ) in University of Malaya. No uncertainty learning practicum is an of import constituent in teacher instruction programmes. It is because learning practicum is a existent challenge for the pupil instructors where they need to use the theories that they have learnt in the schoolroom. The term pattern learning embracings all the learning experiences of pupil instructors in schools ( Ashraf, 1999 ) . The term pattern instruction has three major intensions: the practicing of learning accomplishments and acquisition of the function of a instructor ; the whole scope of experiences that pupils go through in schools ; and the practical facets of the class as distinguishable from theoretical surveies ( Stones and Morris, 1977 ) . During the instruction practicum, pupil instructors are able to derive experience of learning in the schoolroom and learn to develop teacher-like personalities. At the same clip, they will be exposed to school civilization and learn to map as a member of a school staff beyond schoolroom instru ction ( Laila Hairani, 1996 ) . Besides that, learning practicum besides provides great chance to get downing instructors to go socialised into the profession ( Furlong et.al, 1988 ) . Student instructors ‘ public presentation during their instruction pattern will bode and foretell the hereafter success of the instructor. This survey aims to happen out University of Malaya TESL undergraduates ‘ beliefs about learning practicum. Beliefs considered as an of import psychological concept to teacher instruction ( Pintrich, 1990 ) . When pupil teachers come to university or travel for learning practicum, they bring many beliefs about learning. These beliefs may ensue from their experiences as a pupil in their schooling period. Furthermore, pupil instructors ‘ experiences in the university through the methodological analysis categories, simulated learning for TESL, and other relevant activities will besides act upon the development of pupils ‘ beliefs about learning practicum. The bing beliefs of pupil instructors should be considered in the instructor instruction programme as these beliefs interact with their acquisition procedure ( Esen Uzuntiryaki, 2007 ) . Namely, such beliefs would act upon pupil instructors to construe and analyze the pedagogical cognition, conceptualisation of learning undertakings, their instruction determinations and their schoolroom pattern ( King, Shumow & A ; Lietz, 2001 ; Pajares, 1992 ) . Therefore, throughout the instructor instruction programme, it is really of import for the lectors to place pupil instructors ‘ beliefs about learning practicum before they go for existent instruction and promote them to reflect upon these beliefs ( Esen Uzuntiryaki, 2007 ; Mellado, 1998 ; Southerland & A ; Gess-Newsome, 1999 ) . If lectors understand and know pupil instructors ‘ beliefs about instruction, lectors would hold different outlooks from them. Besides, it would besides be a great chance for lectors to assist pupil inst ructors to determine their positions about instructor functions. This may decidedly act upon the manner pupil instructors receive and procedure cognition, recognise and accept values and develop and heighten accomplishments needed for effectual instruction ( Clarita M. de Leon-Carillo, 2007 ) . In short, every pupil will convey their ain positions and outlook on learning when they come ining a instructor instruction programme. This paper will be discoursing University of Malaya TESL undergraduates ‘ beliefs about learning practicum. Background of the survey The debut of the instructor instruction system was due to the recommendation made by Wolley Committee in 1980. It is formed to fix instructors for school. Harmonizing to the surveies, the schools were undergoing rapid growing in the early nineteenth century ; hence, it needed a big Numberss of instructors that clip. For that ground, different programmes or teacher preparation establishments existed to develop instructor of authorities schools, government-assisted schools and even common schools. There were three chief teacher developing establishments: Non-graduate establishments which include the assorted instructor preparation colleges and centres Teachers ‘ colleges and centres administered by the Ministry of Education are non afflicted to any university. The Ministry of Education is responsible for ordering classs for surveies and attesting successful campaigners in a centrally-controlled scrutiny. The scrutiny boards, nevertheless, are composed of representatives from different colleges. The instructors colleges offer biennial full-time class. A three-year class was provided from 1956 to 1968 for pupils who possessed merely three old ages of secondary school makings. Graduate teacher preparation establishments, viz. , University of Malaya Faculty of Education, University Sains Malaysia Centre for Educational Studies and University Kebangsaan Department of Education The alumnus instructor preparation establishments administered by the universities enjoy a big step of liberty though they depend upon the Ministry of Education for fiscal support. One of the alumnus instructor preparation establishments, University of Malaya has embarked on a series of experiments in teacher instruction and modified the instructor instruction classs to carry through its function as a beginning of supply of alumnus instructors. For illustration, from the 1971/72 Sessionss, the Diploma of Education Course has modified and consisted of the undermentioned: Foundations of Education ( 5 units ) , Methodology of learning ( 2 units ) and Teaching pattern ( 3 units ) . In-service instructor preparation programmes Harmonizing to Francis ( 1972 ) , during the British disposal small attending was paid to preparation of instructors. When Peninsular Malaysia became independent in 1957, upgrading the quality of instructors became the precedence of the Ministry of Education. The types of classs presently available may be divided into four major groups: initial instructor preparation classs held during holidaies for impermanent untrained instructors auxiliary full-time classs for trained instructor full-time and holiday classs for trained instructors to utilize Malay as the medium of direction and to learn English as 2nd linguistic communication holiday classs for the upgrading of qualified instructors in the assorted subjects. No affair what establishments you were traveling, learning practicum is one of the classs that you need to undergo in order to graduate from the establishment to go a instructor. Teacher Training Division of the Ministry of Education Malaysia regarded the instruction pattern as a series of practical and systematic school experiences to assist pupil instructors to go professional in their instruction calling ( Malaysia Education Ministry, 1990 ) . The pupils ‘ learning field experience is an indispensable constituent of larning to learn and supervising dramas an of import function ( Zahorik, 1988 ) . Harmonizing to the National Education Philosophy Malaysia, â€Å" instruction in Malaysia is an ongoing attempt towards further developing the potency of persons in a holostic and incorporate mode, so as to bring forth persons who are intelectually, spiritually, emotionally and physically balanced and harmonic, based on a steadfast belief in and devotedness to God. Such an attempt is designed to bring forth Malayan citizens who are knowing and competent, who possess high moral criterions and who are responsible and capable of accomplishing high degree of personal wellbeing every bit good as being able to lend to the harmoniousness and improvement of the household, the society and the state at big † . Over a century ago the laminitiss of normal schools introduce learning pattern as an built-in portion of the course of study for the prospective simple school instructor. During this century learning pattern in secondary schools became a standard portion of the professional course of study in all types of colleges and universities. Since 1969, the instruction pattern agreements at the Faculty of Education, University of Malaya have undergone some extremist alterations in order to run into student instructors ‘ demands every bit good as to run into the National Education Philosophy Malaysia. Today, pupils are paired harmonizing to their first method option. During the instruction pattern, the pupil instructor conducts schoolroom lessons and performs the responsibilities of a instructor in school. Furthermore, this period of practical experience, pupil instructors will be guided and supervised by supervisors and co-operative instructors in the school. The instructor preparation division introduced the clinical supervising theoretical account ( Goldhammer, 1966 ) for all the instructor preparation colleges or universities in Malaya from June to October 1989. This theoretical account focuses on the integrating of planning, observation, rating and analysis of lessons. The pupil instructors ‘ schoolroom public presentation is observed, recorded, analysed and paid attending to the content and method facets of lesson execution. Each supervisor will do a reappraisal and measure pupil instructors ‘ public presentation in term of strengths and failings in instruction and to concentrate on countries for attending and betterment. The supervisor plays an of import function in learning pattern as they need to steer and confer with the peculiar pupil instructors based on their public presentation. Bachelor of Education: Teaching as 2nd linguistic communication ( TESL ) programme offered through University of Malaya Teaching as 2nd linguistic communication ( TESL ) is a four twelvemonth class. Students who undergo and specialize in TESL class will larn and get the hang patterns in instruction of English as 2nd linguistic communication. They will be trained for callings as English linguistic communication instructors. The module of instruction of University Malaya will set up the classs which heavy focal point on applied and theoretical linguistic, instructors ‘ cultural, specialisation in learning methodological analysis and techniques, every bit good as programmes that prepare pupil instructors for the doctorial work in the subjects. In order to finish the grade, undergraduates need to carry through the class demand. The undermentioned tabular array is the illustration of class construction for the unmarried man of instruction ( get downing admittance session 2007/08 ) that undergraduates are required to carry through during the four old ages class. Form the tabular arraies, the mean recognition hours for each topic in each class is about three recognition hours. However, learning practicum consists of eight hr for itself entirely. It tells us that learning practicum plays an of import function in the whole instruction programme. Teaching pattern is normally implemented during the concluding stage of the instructor instruction programme. It is because the aim of practicum is to guarantee that pupil instructors get accomplishments, cognition, attitude and the values throughout the classs that are required by every professional instructor. The major accent of the instruction pattern is on learning and see both in and out of the schoolroom and development of appropriate personality traits of a instructor. Teaching practicum is a critical constituent of Teacher Education Programme. If pupils instructors had a incorrect beliefs about learning practicum, and they will decidedly neglect to get the hang learning methodological analysis, learning cultural and some other accomplishments provided by the university. Besides that, they will besides confront troubles during learning practicum. The pupil instructors would endure when they go for learning pattern when they are in the concluding degree. In a nutshell, each and every instruction institute is making their best to supply the most suited classs in order to bring forth a professional instructor in the hereafter. However, one ‘s beliefs will easy impact one ‘s larning attitude every bit good as one ‘s learning presentation no affair during the learning procedure or in the hereafter. Therefore, besides supplying the good classs, the university besides needs to take pupils ‘ beliefs into history so that the governments and the lectors could learn and leave the right instruction beliefs about learning practicum to the pupil. For case, the university can concentrate more on the Doctrine of Education to assist pupils to see better the nature of a human existences every bit good as the nature of larning manner. If the university understands what the pupil instructors ‘ concerns are and what are the beliefs that inhibit them from larning and execute better during microteaching, the university can ea sy set the classs to accommodate the pupils ‘ demands and fix the pupils to the instruction practicum. Statement of the job Teaching Practicum is by and large recognized both within and outside Malaysia that most pupils â€Å" are fierce in asseverating that learning pattern is one of the most valuable and one of the worst conducted parts of preparation † ( Francis & A ; Paul, 1973 ) . Why Francis & A ; Paul described learning practicum as the worst conducted parts of preparation? It is because pupil instructors have to play two functions at the same clip which are a scholar and a co-teacher. Student instructors are expected to show what they have possess the cognition and accomplishments through teacher instruction classs ; viz. planning, developing the lesson, pass oning, pull offing the schoolroom and besides measuring the pupils. Besides that, they are besides expected to follow professional attitude to their work as a co-teacher. There are several topics provided in teacher instruction classs, while learning practicum is one country in which the instructor preparation colleges and the universities portion many common jobs. One of the jobs is that pupil instructors may keep deeply to their beliefs about learning practicum indirectly affect their public presentation in learning during learning practicum or even in their hereafter learning calling. As we know, whenever pupils were to larn a new topic or to expose to a more ambitious cognition, they will keep to their beliefs in order to do themselves comfy to the state of affairs. However, pupil may hold some mistaken thoughts about the peculiar topics, so as the pupil instructors. Some of the pupil instructors may transport a positive and right belief about teacher practicum while some may non. This affair is really of import because wrong scholar beliefs will negatively impact their presentation every bit good as their public presentation in category. Student instructors may non portray themselves absolutely as a professional instructor when they hold wrong beliefs about instruction. This paper is to look into TESL undergraduates ‘ beliefs about learning practicum after they have undergone several programmes provided by Faculty of Education, University of Malaya. It is to see if they have common beliefs about learning practicum and it would anticipate if the pupil instructors held a correct or wrong belief about learning practicum. Many pupil instructors ‘ beliefs about school come from their experiences as pupils. They have formed feelings about themselves and their abilities, about the nature of cognition, and about how ‘learning ‘ takes topographic point. So, this paper would reexamine and foreground on TESL undergraduates ‘ beliefs about learning practicum on two major constituents, viz. the anterior to learning practicum and schoolroom direction. Aims of the survey The aims of the survey are listed below: To depict the University of Malaya TESL undergraduates ‘ anterior beliefs about learning practicum. To research and place the constituents of the teacher instruction plan that help to construct their beliefs about learning practicum. Research Questions For the intent of this survey, relevant informations are required to reply the undermentioned inquiries: What are the University of Malaya TESL undergraduates ‘ anterior beliefs about learning practicum? What are the constituents of the teacher instruction plan that help to construct pupil instructors ‘ beliefs about learning practicum? Definition of cardinal footings Beliefs There are different ways to depict beliefs. H.A. Hodges said â€Å" belief is a moral act for which the truster is to be held responsible † , while Frank Pajares explained it as â€Å" aˆÂ ¦ Defining beliefs is at best a game of participants ‘ pick. They travel in camouflage and frequently under alias-attitudes, values, judgements, maxims, political orientation, perceptual experiences, personal theories, internal mental procedure, constructs, action schemes, regulations of pattern, practical rules, positions, repertories of apprehension, and societal scheme. Practicum The significance of practicum in this context is a specialised field of survey that is designed to give pupils supervised practical application of antecedently studied theory after undergo class in school or college. Teaching Practicum Teaching Practicum is the last of the series of pedagogical classs. A pupil instructor is asked to learn under the supervising of a certified instructor in order to measure up for a grade in instruction. Student instructors use this chance to execute instruction theory and to widen their practical experiences. Student Teacher Student instructor is synonymous with the term trainee instructor. Student instructor is a selected campaigner who has been enrolled for the instructor instruction programme class and is under the counsel of an university supervisor and other forces involved in the supervisory undertaking. 1.6 Significance of the survey This survey aims to garner and analyze relevant informations which will supply the necessary information so that a description of the beliefs about learning practicum of TESL undergraduates of University of Malaya can be obtained. The focal point of the job of the survey is to place what the University of Malaya TESL undergraduates ‘ beliefs about learning practicum are. The consequence of the information analysis would so assist us every bit good as other pedagogues to organize a better understanding towards pupil instructors ‘ beliefs about instruction and besides learning practicum. We may place if the pupil instructors have carried a incorrect belief about learning practicum all the clip. It will non merely profit the pedagogues, but the pupils will understand better about themselves and acknowledge which is the right or incorrect belief they have. Many argue that wrong pupil instructors ‘ beliefs would negatively impact their teaching attitude. Through the survey, the findings would give each pedagogue a great chance to alter and modified the instruction system and organize a footing for suggesting a better programme for pupils to determine their position of instructors ‘ function. Furthermore, pedagogues may make a better environment every bit good as learning course of study to fix the pupil instructors to learn efficaciously and leave them the passion of instruction. Last but non least, placing fluctuation of pupils ‘ beliefs may besides increase pupils ‘ degree of assurance. Once pupils have their ain beliefs, they would non happen instruction is a hard undertaking. Through the survey, we can besides see what pupil instructors have prepared for learning practicum. Subsequently the pupils would see beliefs as a chief beginning that would impact personal development and the acquisition and learning procedure. 1.7 Restrictions of the survey The restriction to this research is that it is done merely questionnaires. Although it is good and proved method of making research through the aggregation of informations, it is still restricted to certain types of inquiries. In add-on, there are a few of survey sing beliefs about learning practicum in Malaysia context. Besides that, this research is limited to 40 undergraduates of University of Malaya merely. While the findings of the survey can be used for pulling decisions about the beliefs about learning practicum of this university, they can non needfully be generalise to other university undergraduates. In add-on, the Numberss of undergraduates who participate in this research do non stand for a complete probe of all the undergraduates in this university nor other universities. Pintrich, P. R. ( 1990 ) . Deductions of psychological research on pupils larning and college instruction for teacher instruction. Handbook of research on instructor instruction ( pp. 826-857 ) . New York: Macmillan.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Deadly Unna Essay

Deadly Unna by Phillip Gwyn is a story about the friendship between two boys set up in a small country town in the 1980’s South Australia. Gary Black (or Blacky) is the protagonist, a fifteen year old boy with many siblings, who develops and matures. He becomes highly aware of racism in the small country town against aboriginal people, as well as many other issues through out the course of the novel. Through out the story he meets a girl named Cathy that he gets smitten by, he looses his friend Dumby because he died in a shoot out down by the bar, so he drastically matures as the novel progress. Some of the other significant themes dealt with by Deadly Unna are the issues related to life in a small country town and the idea of loss of childhood innocence. Let’s begin when Blacky’s ALF team gets trophies for a specific category e. g. : scored most goals ECT. Dumby was the ‘best man on field’ so he obviously deserved and earned the ‘Best Man on Field’ Trophy. But instead the trophy was awarded to Mark-Arks. Remember when Dumby tried to mug Macca’s bar, he died because he shoot him with a shotgun and the police didn’t even try to solve the case. Basically nobody cared just because Dumby was just another Aborigines kid. Speaking of Maccas’s bar, all the gonyas sits in the front of the bar. But the Nungas is in the back. Except for one person called Tommy who always says Chug-A-Lug. But he’s only there because he is always drunk and it’s funny for the Gonyas. When the Slogs wrote BOONGS PISS OFF. This really affected Blacky because he became so aware of racism ever since Dumby’s death. Blacky’s loss of childhood innocence begun when Dumby died, one of his best friends that he has ever had just disappeared and now his childhood has basically vanished because everything he knew as a child is now gone. When Gary wanted to grab some paint and a brush his dad busted him and told Blacky to put the brush and the paint down. But Gary has matured because he as gone through so much that he has lost his childhood. All the Sad stuff that has been going on in his life made him realise that he is not a little kid anymore, especially when Darcy said ‘I dare say they should Blacky, I dare say they should†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ He now sees what racism people have against the Aboriginal population, and now his childhood has passed away. Another example is when Gary gets smitten by Cathy, this is a prime example that he has now matured and moved on to his teenage life.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Public Management Example

Public Management Example Public Management – Article Example Public Management Public Management The study by West and Berman acknowledges that not enough information is available about managers in the public sector, their work habits and how they impact views of organizational performance. They further recommended that a practical strategy of working individually with managers effectively identifies, tackles and conquers bad management habits at work (West & Berman, 2011). Although fruitful habits are observed among the top managers of city governments, they are intertwined with some bad habits in management work and their presence is too significant to ignore. The undesirable habits are commonly exhibited by managers who are overly judgmental, passive, intimidating and defensive and lack open mindedness. These unproductive work habits in management significantly compromise the gains realized from the productive work habits (West & Berman, 2011). They also stand in the way of promoting the beneficial habits. Raising awareness and exposing bad habits of managers is the correct way towards better performance. Perry, Hondeghem and Wise (2010) refer to motivation as the widely varied forces that direct, energize and uphold behavior. They believe that Public Service Motivation (PSM) has its roots in unique motives found among public servants while workers in the private sector possess their own motives. The review by Perry, Hondeghem and Wise (2010) implies that at the core of the PSM construct, there is an inclination of people in the public sector to do good for the society. Although discrepancies in inclination occur, there is a commonality in that behavior of humans is driven by motives to regard others and not merely self interests and concerns. PSM provides an alternative view for research of public management and rational choice theories (Perry, Hondeghem & Wise, 2010). ReferencesPerry, J. L., Hondeghem, A. & Wise, L. (2010). Revisiting the motivational bases of public service: twenty years of research and an agenda f or the future. Public Administration Review, 70(5).West, J. P. & Berman, E. M. (2011). The impact of management work habits on public sector performance: A study of local government managers. Public Personnel Management, 40(1), 63-87.

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Terms for the Seasons of the Year

Terms for the Seasons of the Year Terms for the Seasons of the Year Terms for the Seasons of the Year By Mark Nichol Words for the seasons and related terms often have both literal and figurative connotations. Here are the words and their various senses. Spring (from the Old English word springan, akin to the same word in Old High German, which means â€Å"to jump†) has a sense of freshness and growth. The word is sometimes used to refer to a sociopolitical movement for greater freedom and tolerance, as in phrases like â€Å"Prague Spring† and, more recently, â€Å"Arab Spring.† Spring itself, in these senses, has no direct adjectival form besides springlike; springy refers to the word’s sense of movement. However, vernal (from the Latin word ver, meaning â€Å"spring†) is suitable for references to anything pertaining to the spring, or anything fresh, new, or youthful. In a practical sense, it often refers to phenomena unique to springtime, such as a vernal pool, a body of water that dries up as summer encroaches on spring. Summer (from the Old English word somer) has associations with thriving and mature growth, and it is also a poetic synonym for years in references to one’s age (for example, â€Å"in my tenth summer,† â€Å"a boy of fifteen summers†). Summery is a prosaic descriptor term describing qualities associated with summer. Estival (from Latin aestivus, meaning â€Å"of summer†) also means â€Å"pertaining to summer†; estivation is the summertime equivalent of hibernation, or sojourning at one location all summer. Autumn (ultimately from the Latin word autumnus), interchangeable in literal meaning with fall, has a figurative sense pertaining to full maturity or the onset of decline, as does the adjective autumnal. Winter has associations with decay and inactivity, and wintry, besides its literal sense, refers to being weathered as a result of winter weather or as if by such conditions, or to being aged; it also suggests a cold attitude or response. Solstice (ultimately from the Latin word solstitium, meaning, literally â€Å"sun standing†) and equinox (from the Latin term aequinoctium, a combination of the terms for â€Å"equal† and â€Å"night†) refer to the times of the year when, respectively, daylight is shortest and day and night are of equal length. The adjective equinoctial (or equinoctal) refers literally to the first day of spring and fall and has no established figurative meaning. (The first variant is also used as a noun synonymous with equator or referring to a storm during the equinoctial period.) There is no adjectival form of solstice, which corresponds to the onset of summer and winter. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Greek Words You Should KnowUsing the Active Voice to Strengthen Your Writing10 Humorous, Derisive, or Slang Synonyms for â€Å"Leader† or â€Å"Official†

Saturday, October 19, 2019

A Report on the Relation between Ultraviolet Radiation and Skin Cancer, the UV Index, and Sunscreen Protection

A Report on the Relation between Ultraviolet Radiation and Skin Cancer, the UV Index, and Sunscreen Protection Ultraviolet Radiation and Skin Cancer Skin cancer is caused by exposure to the sun. Skin cancer can develop during long term exposure or during short periods of more intense sun exposure. Ultraviolet light in sunlight damages the DNA in our skin cells. Damage can happen years before cancer can develop so you may not even realize the harmful dangers your body is going through while you are exposed to the sun. In 2016 it is estimated that 13,283 new cases of melanoma skin cancer will be diagnosed in Australia. The estimate is roughly 7,847 males and 5,436 females. In 2012 the rate was forty-nine cases per 100,000 persons which is roughly sixty males and thirty-nine females. UVA rays and UVB rays both play a role in the development process of skin cancer. UVA rays penetrate into the dermis which is the skin’s thickest layer. Unprotected exposure can lead to things such as premature skin aging (wrinkling and sunspots) and suppression of the immune system. UVB rays will burn the superficial layers of your skin.This is the cause of sunburn. Unlike UVA, UVB rays have different strengths throughout the year. UVB is the most common cause of most skin cancers. UVC rays is the strongest and the deadliest of solar rays but the ozone layer prevents it from reaching earth. The UV Index is a forecast of the amount of skin damaging UV radiation expected to reach the earth’s surface at the time when the sun is highest in the sky. That is usually around midday. The amount of UV radiation reaching the surface is primarily related to the elevation of the sun in the sky, the amount of ozone in the stratosphere, and the amount of cloud coverage. Thick cloud coverage can reduce the UV radiation levels and certain types of thin cloud can magnify the UV radiation strength. The UV index is calculated based off of four factors: the thickness of the ozone layer which detected using satellites, the cloud cover which blocks the UV radiation up to an extent, the time of year because the seasons such as winter lowers the UV radiation, and the elevation because the higher the elevation the more radiation. Sunscreen is a combination of organic and inorganic active ingredients. Some inorganic ingredients such as zinc oxide reflect or scatter UV radiation. Organic ingredients such as oxybenzone dissipates as it heats. The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) measures how effective the sunscreen formula limits skin exposure to the UV rays that burn the skin. The higher the SPF is the more protection you will have from UV rays.

Friday, October 18, 2019

What you think of the subprime crisis and how it impacts todays Essay

What you think of the subprime crisis and how it impacts todays economy - Essay Example In obvious circumstances, the lenders mortgaged the loan security to other investors in various esoteric combinations. The adverse effects of the subprime crisis lead to hike in interest rates, which forces the Fed to raise rates to combat inflation, which has to be incurred by the common man. Economies of developing countries classified as emerging markets, are still seen by developed country fund managers as risky propositions. So the flight to safety will see some funds pull out of developing countries. This could lead to a stock markets slide in these economies, loss of confidence and slowdown of the real economy. The other source of disruption is construction-led slowdown in the US. This could hit developing economies that export a lot to the US. The subprime crisis also places downward pressure on economic growth, because fewer or more expensive loans decrease investment by businesses and consumer spending, which drive the economy. A separate but related dynamic is the downturn in the housing market, where a surplus inventory of homes has resulted in a significant decline in new home construction and housing prices in many areas. This also places downward pressure on growth. Crisis has caused panic in financial markets and encouraged investors to take their money out of risky mortgage bonds and shaky equities and put it into commodities as "stores of value". Most of the recent increases in global food prices have been the result of speculation and the collapse in the value of the US dollar which is now at Indian Rupees 38.62 per dollar. This crisis has an immense effect on the national stock markets, where the fluctuations in the market prices and shares of the corporations do create an element of doubt in the stakeholders mind and thus leading to kiosk among them. The market value chips down and which tends the financial institutions to come forward and ask for their loans

Transplant Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Transplant - Coursework Example The disadvantage is that it causes people to think about donating organs without inherently wanting so. Also, ‘Youre also giving up your right to informed consent. Doctors dont have to tell you or your relatives what they will do to your body during an organ harvest operation because youll be dead, with no legal rights† (Teresi, 2012). The main factor that causes this discrepancy is the unwillingness to donate the organ in the relatives. Each year, at least 5000 medically transplantable organs are refused donation by the relatives in the US (Reeves et al., 2004). Other factors may include diseased or infections organs in the donors, and religious and cultural stance on donation. A professional nurse plays a very important role of advocate and educator in organ donation. Professional nurses facilitate organ donation process by convincing the donors and their relatives of the safety of operation. Their role as psychological counselors of the donors and their relatives is also very

Service Quality for Retail Banking in the UK - Barclays, PLC Dissertation

Service Quality for Retail Banking in the UK - Barclays, PLC - Dissertation Example Responsiveness is a measure of the willingness to help customers and provide them with prompt service. Assurance measures the competence, courtesy, credibility and security of the service provided, while the empathy is about the caring and individualised service that the bank provides to its customers. This would help the bank in realising whether its customers are satisfied on all grounds and whether there are any gaps in their satisfaction level. We would follow the same standard set by the previously referred authors. A questionnaire survey method will be adopted to measure the service quality of the bank. The study is based on primary data from customers of Barclays and secondary data based on previous studies and shows the different dimensions of retail banking and issues related to service quality and customer satisfaction in case of UK banks. Although Barclays retail bank is considered as an example here, the thesis is to draw a general conclusion on retail banking and the service quality that would be appropriate for customer satisfaction. Several studies and published papers on banking and customer satisfaction and the associated service quality attributes are discussed here. Any research study should not only trace the existing parameters for the variables involved but also provide some future perspective of reference. Within this context, the levels of customer satisfaction could be found out from primary data in which customers are directly required to complete surveys and provide responses on what changes they expect in the future and what kind of services they have encountered in the banks. Their suggestions and recommendations from questionnaires form the basis for... This study is an assessment of how much this change has been implemented or is successful within the branches. The corporate strategy of Barclays has also been analyzed and showed how the bank strategy could or should change from an emphasis on sales to an emphasis on customer service. The attitudes and behaviors of customer service officials have also changed towards customers suggesting that changing of corporate strategy tend to have a direct impact on employee behavior and company functions and performance as well. In conclusion, there are several issues that have been highlighted through this study and shows that after an appraisal and interview and survey of customer attitudes and expectations. Some individuals, however, expressed their problems as seen in the qualitative dimension or analysis of the study and suggested that the bank should be more concerned with individualized attention and improve its services by being prompt and efficient. Improving certain online banking features and international banking features were also considered important for overall improvement of the bank’s functions. This study has shown that although Barclays has been largely known for poor customer services and focuses more on sales rather than customer services, it’s recent change of approach with greater emphasis on improving customer services than improving sales figures seem to have worked for positive results as customers seem to be more satisfied with the services offered by the banks.

Thursday, October 17, 2019

BUY LOCAL FROM New Brunswick, Canada INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FIRMS Research Paper

BUY LOCAL FROM New Brunswick, Canada INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FIRMS - Research Paper Example By the early 1990s companies identified the problem and thereafter they have been working to solve the difficulties of associated with retaining the talented employees (Mitchell, Holtom, Lee, T, & Graske, 2001). Internal Policies It is also important to note that management and usage of ICT systems are two different fields because the former function lies with the technical staff that has the duty and responsibility of keep the infrastructure up and running. Yet, the second function lies with the managerial staff that should have the ability of extracting and using information from the ICT systems to make effective business decisions. The companies are offering flexible timing, paid leaves, casual dressing and regular increase in the pay for core employees in every department of the organization. The organizations are also known to encourage employees to identify the need of enhancement in the current technology level that will help them in keeping up with the technological level of the industry (Brady, Brookes, & Fellenz, 1986). According to many researchers the technological advancements will define the leaders in the industry. In the light of above argument, it can be established that employees who have the ability to manage ICT systems and those who can use them to make business decisions will define the competitive advantage of the companies in near future (Eriksson, Niitamo, & Kulkki, 2005). Economic Incentives The companies that are currently engaged in the practice of acquiring advanced ICT systems are suggested to offer well to excellent incentives to the staff so that their tendencies to leave the job can be minimized (Doran, et al., 2006). Moreover, it would not be a bad idea to evaluate and analyze the ability of new recruits to understand and comprehend routine technological tasks. Additionally the companies are suggested to buy those ICT systems that are well aligned with the current technological awareness of the employees. The companies should a lso make sure that they do not initiate company-wide technology change more often. It is better to bring system changes within operational level to increase the productivity. The companies should buy those technologies that will help them in driving down the cost because in latest organizational strategy cost control is one of the most important facets. Finally it is necessary for the organizations to hire technology experts as employees because in this form of employment they can resolve the issues more swiftly than in the capacity of consultants. Technology consultants are also notorious for delaying the process of repairs that causes productivity of the entire organization to diminish. External Challenges As mentioned earlier that companies are facing the challenge of retaining employees therefore they have to keep the jobs interesting and on the other hand companies are required to pay excellent wages and salaries to the employees. The intelligent companies always ensure that th ey are paying higher compensations in comparison to the competitors because money and financial well-being is a noted method of growing organizational commitment in the staff. Another modern technique to enhance organizational commitment is to develop a participative model of decision making in the company so that everyone can feel as a part of the organization (Vroom & Jago, 1978). The companies are also anticipated to establish strong personality-

Final Paper Topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Final Paper Topic - Essay Example With the growth of civil liberties, new situations and threats became flexible where poor preparations and public support declined. Many people believed that the aftermath of the Vietnam War had produced irresponsible and harsh civil liberties full of radicals, dissenters and foreigners. Therefore, the powerful orthodoxy and the military concluded that unrestrained press had undermined ability of Americans to fight in Vietnam. This led to exclusion of the press and civil liberties from the US invasion of Grenada in 1980s (Leone & Anrig, 45). In conclusion, it is evident that the violation of the freedom of the press and civil liberties in 1960s led to its restrictions. The press and civil liberties pursued their own preexisting agendas in the name of national security leadings to its restrictions. After the 1980s, there were exceptions of the war time infringements of civil liberties due to restrictions granted unto them by the Supreme

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Service Quality for Retail Banking in the UK - Barclays, PLC Dissertation

Service Quality for Retail Banking in the UK - Barclays, PLC - Dissertation Example Responsiveness is a measure of the willingness to help customers and provide them with prompt service. Assurance measures the competence, courtesy, credibility and security of the service provided, while the empathy is about the caring and individualised service that the bank provides to its customers. This would help the bank in realising whether its customers are satisfied on all grounds and whether there are any gaps in their satisfaction level. We would follow the same standard set by the previously referred authors. A questionnaire survey method will be adopted to measure the service quality of the bank. The study is based on primary data from customers of Barclays and secondary data based on previous studies and shows the different dimensions of retail banking and issues related to service quality and customer satisfaction in case of UK banks. Although Barclays retail bank is considered as an example here, the thesis is to draw a general conclusion on retail banking and the service quality that would be appropriate for customer satisfaction. Several studies and published papers on banking and customer satisfaction and the associated service quality attributes are discussed here. Any research study should not only trace the existing parameters for the variables involved but also provide some future perspective of reference. Within this context, the levels of customer satisfaction could be found out from primary data in which customers are directly required to complete surveys and provide responses on what changes they expect in the future and what kind of services they have encountered in the banks. Their suggestions and recommendations from questionnaires form the basis for... This study is an assessment of how much this change has been implemented or is successful within the branches. The corporate strategy of Barclays has also been analyzed and showed how the bank strategy could or should change from an emphasis on sales to an emphasis on customer service. The attitudes and behaviors of customer service officials have also changed towards customers suggesting that changing of corporate strategy tend to have a direct impact on employee behavior and company functions and performance as well. In conclusion, there are several issues that have been highlighted through this study and shows that after an appraisal and interview and survey of customer attitudes and expectations. Some individuals, however, expressed their problems as seen in the qualitative dimension or analysis of the study and suggested that the bank should be more concerned with individualized attention and improve its services by being prompt and efficient. Improving certain online banking features and international banking features were also considered important for overall improvement of the bank’s functions. This study has shown that although Barclays has been largely known for poor customer services and focuses more on sales rather than customer services, it’s recent change of approach with greater emphasis on improving customer services than improving sales figures seem to have worked for positive results as customers seem to be more satisfied with the services offered by the banks.

Final Paper Topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Final Paper Topic - Essay Example With the growth of civil liberties, new situations and threats became flexible where poor preparations and public support declined. Many people believed that the aftermath of the Vietnam War had produced irresponsible and harsh civil liberties full of radicals, dissenters and foreigners. Therefore, the powerful orthodoxy and the military concluded that unrestrained press had undermined ability of Americans to fight in Vietnam. This led to exclusion of the press and civil liberties from the US invasion of Grenada in 1980s (Leone & Anrig, 45). In conclusion, it is evident that the violation of the freedom of the press and civil liberties in 1960s led to its restrictions. The press and civil liberties pursued their own preexisting agendas in the name of national security leadings to its restrictions. After the 1980s, there were exceptions of the war time infringements of civil liberties due to restrictions granted unto them by the Supreme

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Theme Park Essay Example for Free

Theme Park Essay CHAPTER I The Problem and its background Introduction Retail, is the  sale  of goods and services from individuals or businesses to the  end-user. This industry is a sector of the economy that is comprised of individuals and companies engaged in the selling of finished products to  end user  consumers. Retailers are part of an integrated system called the  supply chain. A retailer purchases goods or  production large quantities from  manufacturers  directly or through a  wholesaler, and then sells smaller quantities to the  consumer  for a profit. Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex is popularly known in Santa Rosa City as the City’s shopping point where numerous of shoe store exist. The entrepreneurs behind these ventures risk their capital, invest their time and make a living by offering consumers something they need or want. Competition in the industry is strong. There are a number of established players in the  shoe industry  with established market positions, brands and reputations. These two big establishments start to compete since then. And the competitive advantage seeks it to address some of the criticisms of  comparative advantage. A competitive advantage means a firm manages to keep making money and to sustain its position against its competitors. Marketing men defines competitive advantages as a superiority gained by company where it can provide the same value but a lower fee, or charge higher fees by providing greater value through differentiation. It plays an intense part in determining the price leader. And for this reason, the researchers choose this topic in order to know the competitive advantage of Shoe Retail Stores in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex. The main objective of this study aims to examine the best quality of shoes in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex, one of the best shopping points in Santa Rosa City, in terms of quality, that they meet the satisfaction of the consumers. Design that satisfies the needs and wants of stylish people. And price, that indeed in a low cost but in a good quality. Within the area, we used data gathering like survey questionnaires. It is important to know because many consumers are preferred to buy shoes. And this study will help them to figure out where the best products can be offered. In this thesis, we develop qualitative and quantitative distinctions between the single and married  respondents. This study is important to all the consumers especially to those who often buy shoes It examines the reaction of the respondents towards the factors they used. We need to know the competitive advantages because we want to help the consumers where they can buy quality shoe products, yet t he prices are affordable and the design of these goods are prefer to their tastes. Background of the study Balibago Commercial Complex and Target Mall is the most popular shopping point where you can have a retail product like shoes. Prospect customers from different neighboring barangays and towns used to go shopping at Balibago Commercial Complex because of low price product that they offer and the numerous store that attract the customers. Many stores were leased for permanent business operations and were own primarily by Filipinos, Muslims and Chinese. Balibago Commercial Complex is a wet and dry good market, and a host of bus, jeepneys, FX and tricycles terminals. Their latest foot traffic averages around 20-30 thousand people per day during weekdays, and as high as 40-45 thousand people during weekend. Some shoe retailers in Target Mall operate fixed point-of-sale locations designed to attract a high volume of walk-in customers. They typically sell merchandise to the general public for personal consumption. Athletic shoes accounts for the biggest market share in shoe retail, with basketball and cross training are the most popular category in this segment. Both the men and women’s market segments are growing. Price-wise, however, men’s shoes are more expensive than women’s shoes. According to Ms. Lorlie Aruta, Leasing manager of Target Mall Santa Rosa, the latter started during year 1998; three year after the commercial complex was build. It has been a fixture in Laguna located at the very heart of Balibago Commercial Complex are these past (12) years owned by Southland Holdings Corporation. It is a three-level shopping mall with a total floor area of seventeen thousand five hundred square meters. By that time, Target Mall is the preferred shopping place because there were no competitors yet around the commercial area. Although there were already shops existed that time, they were not numerous as today. It was when the early year 2000 entered; Shoe Retail Stores began to compete inside of Target Mall because the prices of goods are cheaper. At their first year of operation, only few  numbers of stalls began. Since the area has a numerous population, the supply cannot meet the demand of customers. They have only minimum stocks of products. As year goes by, many store owners began to operate their own enterprise that they can give more variants to the customer. And the competition has also emerged. Their mission is to be the most preferred shopping place in the community they serve. Their company vision is to be a shopping mall committed to satisfying the needs of the community where they are located in a convenient and comfortable atmosphere conducive to family shopping. They are committed to be responsive to the well-being of the residents of the community where they are located. Business success in today’s competitive markets requires a high understanding and respect of the customer. Customers are demanding, have more money to spend and have a wide collection of goods and services to choose from. To satisfy customers, we must be able to listen to their feedback and improve services and goods to keep of clients. And we come up with this study because we want to know the best shoe retail stores whether it is in Target Mall or in Balibago Commercial Complex, that offering the same products. And through this study, it will help not just us but to all consumers who frequen tly shopping within this area. Theoretical Framework The following theories and principles cited were used as framework for the analysis of data in this research. According to Pagoso et.al (2006) consumer buyer behavior refers to the buying behavior of final consumer, individuals and household who buy goods and services for personal consumption. There are some factors that may be influential for consumers towards their preferences in buying goods. The first is culture, the most fundamental determinant of the consumer’s behavior towards buying. Filipinos are known for their ‘suki’ behavior the harmonious relationship of a seller with the customer that keeps him to come back on the same store which is a part of a Filipino culture. Social class which is relatively permanent in the society that has ordered divisions whose members show distinct product and brand preferences. Second one is social factors such as family, reference groups and social roles. Third, personal factor or personal characteristics like occupation w hich affects the goods and services bought by consumers, and economic  situation that will affect product choice. The last is psychological factors, influenced by motivations, perception and attitude. As on Paul Sammuelson’s (2000) theory of revealed preference, this theory is a method by which possible to discern consumer behavior on the basis of variable prices and income. In this theory, a consumer with a high income will buy a mixture of product if the consumer income changes, the mixture of goods and services will also change. According to Leano (2008) in his book â€Å"Fundamentals of Economics† opportunity cost is the value of what is foregone in order to have something else. The opportunity cost of individual’s decision is determined by his or her needs, wants, time and resources (income). Pagoso et. Al. (2006) cited in his book â€Å"Introductory Microeconomics† the substitution of price elasticity of demand, one factor of substitution is the number of competing products. More of these mean more market shares for a product to gain or lose when its price decre ases or increases, respectively. Thus, a seller invites more exodus of demand when he under prices more rivals in a market where products homogenous in type and quality. This kind of competition is evident among adjacent retail outlets for the same product brands of more or less the same size like supermarkets, department store, book stores, and the like. Conceptual Framework of the Study | INPUT1. What are The competitive advantages of Shoe Retailer Stores in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex in terms of:2.1 Product Quality2.2 Product Design2.3 Price| | PROCESS 1. Data gathering procedures: a. Distribution and retrieval of questionnaire b. Tabulation of data 2. Data analysis 3. Evaluation| | OUTPUTIdentified competitive advantages of Shoe Retailer Stores in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex.| FEEDBACK Figure 1. The conceptual framework of the study. Figure 1 shows the conceptual framework of the study. The â€Å"Input† frame shows the profile of the respondents as regard to age, gender and civil status, and the competitive advantages of Shoe Retailer Stores in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex. In terms of: quality, design and price. The second frame is the â€Å"Process†. In this study, the process involved were the data gathering procedures which is includes distribution and retrieval of questionnaire, tabulation of data, data analysis and evaluation. The third frame is the expected â€Å"Output†. In this study the product or output will provide a summary of the identified comparative study about the competitive advantages of Shoe Retailer Stores in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex. A system should automatically provide information about the output being processed and soon gives â€Å"Feedback† for the competitive advantages of Shoe Retailer Stores in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex. Statement of the Problem This study aimed to find out what are the competitive advantages of the shoe retail business. Specifically the study sought the following questions. 1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of? 1.1 Age 1.2 Gender 1.3 Civil Status 2. What are the competitive advantages of shoe retailer stores in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex Complex in terms of: 2.1 Product Quality 2.2 Product Design 2.3 Price 3. Is there a significant difference between the responses of the respondents in terms of competitive advantages of shoe retailer Stores in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex, when they grouped according to civil status? Hypothesis That, There is no significant difference between the responses of the respondents in terms of competitive advantages of shoe retailer Stores in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex, when they grouped according to civil status. Significance of the Study This study will benefit the following people and organization. Customers- This study will help them to know and choose the best shoe products whether is it on Target Mall or Balibago Commercial Complex. The tenants of Target Mall and of Balibago Commercial Complex This would serve as a part of their environmental scan to help them develop their business strategies for them to continue operating. Entrepreneurs-is to find out how the competitive advantages among competitors where they can improve the quality of customer service, the offered selections and general atmosphere at the shoe retail stores. To the future researchers- this study would serve as additional information for future research undertaking especially to business students. To the researchers- this would serve not only as a pertain fulfillment on the academic requirement for their current course, but also additional knowledge that we can apply also in our chosen field Scope and Delimitation This research is restricted and focused only to the customers or buyers of shoes in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex area. The limitation of this study is the Shoe Retails stores that located in the said area. Definition of Terms In this study, terms were defined as follows: Competitive Advantage- this is the performance of Target Mall compare to Balibago Commercial Complex products in terms of quality, design and price. Retail Business- This industry is a sector of the economy that is comprised of individuals and companies engaged in the selling of finished products to  end user  consumers. Quality- The standard of shoe products as measured against its similar kind. Design- The physical features and appearance of shoe products. Price- The amount of shoes in Target Mall and Balibago  Commercial Complex. Shoe Retail Stores- Offer a quality but in a low cost of price to the consumers. Target Mall- The first mall established in Balibago. Balibago Commercial Complex- The shopping point of City of Santa Rosa, Laguna. CHAPTER II Review of related literature and studies This chapter presents the secondary data of the study taken from different reference materials such as books, magazines, news, papers, and thesis. Foreign Literature  According to Whittington, 2006 in his book entitled â€Å"What is Strategy – and does it matter† Strategy can be classified into four generic approaches: the classical approach, the evolutionary approach, the processual approach and the systemic approach. The evolutionary approach suggests that the environment is too unpredictable to foresee efficiently. Adherents of the evolutionary approach believe that it is the market that chooses which strategy will be successful, not the managers. Processualists, on the other hand also believe that long-term planning is rather fruitless, and consider strategy to be a rational process. The systemic perspective suggests that strategy is an important matter that can carry out rational plans of action. Further, Whittington believes that it is possible to define strategies that will succeed in spite of market forces. The systemic approach stresses the importance of the social system, where strategy making occurs since different social backgrounds may lead to other interests than maximizing profit. And according to Whittington the classical approach sees strategy as a rational process that is designed to maximize long-term advantage. Classicists see strategy as something that is vital to secure the future, a rational process of long term planning. These four approaches stand for three different main views on the impact on how a company can influence its business success. The evolutionary and processual approaches believe that planning is of minor importance since the environment has a great influence and will overwhelm the strategic plans. The systematic approach believes it is the social context that decides a company’s strategy have chosen to the classical approach, since it concedes with the view on strategy as a  rational process. The classical approach also stands for the company’s own ability to influence its strategy and thereby its result, while the other approaches are more of the opinion that external factors have a great impact. Child and Weick support this reasoning by stating that: â€Å"The strategies, structures and processes of the organization are not predetermined by the business environment. Rather, organizations create their own environment by choosing the domain or competitive arena on which there markets, product, technology and ultimately their strategy are based.† Choosing the classical approach makes th e study less extensive and we do not have to consider the external environment as a variable affecting strategy. According to an article of a magazine entitled â€Å"Going shopping written by Satterwaite, malls in America are said to be declining and are scaring away customer. Americans prefer flea markets, antique shops, and other retail shopping centers more than shopping mall because of its â€Å"McDonalization† a stultifying sameness on the way customers buy products and some problems. Customer encounter every time they go to malls like waits for parking and long walks from store to store. Americans prefer a community meeting place that attempt to get back to the face to face transaction that in past decades engendered trust between buyers and sellers. According to Bunge,Operational planning is in dispensable to the continuing vitality of any enterprise, whether that effort is apparent or not. The manners in which planning and its corollary, control, are handled are greatly affects the Profitability. Success and retention of the loyal customer will be won by `doing best what matters most to the customers. According to Porter Whittington, the goal of a strategist is to find a position in the industry where the company can protect itself against the surrounding forces, or might be able to influence them in a positive direction. If a company has knowledge about these surrounding sources of competitive pressure, it will provide the groundwork to decide where to position the company in its industry. According to Porter, it is important for a company to identify its strengths and weaknesses from a strategic viewpoint. Strategy can either be viewed as assembling protection against its competitive forces, or look for positions in the indus try where the forces are weak. Knowledge about its competitive forces will lead the  company to enter areas where it should deal with competition and where to avoid it. In the study of buyer behavior, there are five theories which will throw some light into the complex native of man as buyer. These include 1.) Marshallian – man is concerned chiefly with economic cues. Prices and income makes a fresh utility calculation before each purchase. 2.) Parlovian – man behaves in a largerly habitual rather than thoughtful way. Certain configuration on cues will set of the same behaviour because of rewarded warning in the past. 3.) Freudian’s – man choices are influence strongly by motives and fantasies which takes place deep within is private world. 4.) Veblonian – man acts in a way which is shaped largely by past and present social groups. 5.) Hobbesian – man seeks to reconcile individual gain with organizational gain. Customer satisfaction depends on the product’s percei ved performance relative to a buyer’s expectations. If the product’s performance falls short of expectations, the customer is dissatisfied. If performance matches expectations, the customer is satisfied. If performance exceeds expectations, the customer is highly satisfied and delighted. According to the book of Murrell (2005) entitled â€Å"Empowering Employees† Employees doesn’t wait the bated breath to be empowered, they simply want to do better job and enjoy their work in the process. To outline how managers and employees can grow on the job, become more knowledgeable and therefore more employable, and thus become fully empowered. Together then, everyone in the organization has something to gain by creating more empowering workplaces. Empowerment doesn’t create narrowly focused gains for the one individual or group; it does create far-reaching and long lasting is what this book is all about. According to the book of Johnson (2007) entitled â€Å"Principles of controlled maintenance management† Maintenance management practices and procedures was essential to achieve efficiency and effectiveness of the maintenance operations. Just keeping a place and its equipment sanitary, presentable and operating properly today is a carefully scheduled and well managed operation that is supported by the finest equipment and products Millions of dollars are spent annually in developing and improving maintenance tools and materials; this, in turn, saves many more millions of dollars in the investment. Foreign Studies According to Wei and Xu, to their study â€Å"Obstacles to innovation management in SMEs† at Hà ¶gskolan University. The results are contradictory to some earlier research in the area and in line with other. This implies that the characteristics and relationship of SMEs credit risk and internationalization changes over time and/or differs between countries, perhaps even between regions within national borders. For example we arrived at the conclusion that our basic model indicates a positive relationship between internationalization and credit risk, in line with both Rugman (2009) and Caves (2007). The analysis shows no significant difference in the firm’s capital structure depending on the internationalization, although younger companies tended to have a higher level of internationalization. This finding is contradictory to the research conducted by Burgman (2009) and the reports carried out by the European Commission whose report reaches the conclusion that older fir ms had a higher level of international exposure. According to Esther Nzungwa Leander to their study, â€Å"Cultural labour management in Finland: Multicultural Working environment in Riihimà ¤ki Wà ¼rth Ltd., Finland; MBA-thesis in marketing† is that cultural differences may not affect unskilled working environment (like the researched warehouse operating Wà ¼rth Ltd. company), as long as all the employees are treated equally. Carrying out of given duties in unskilled working place is the same in a warehouse company despite of the country of origin. The Wà ¼rth Ltd. unskilled labour respondents provided evidence that equal salary, treatment, sharing of duties and other benefits could be the key to successful multicultural working environment, marketing and management. It creates harmony, kindness and friendliness in the air that I too, witnessed while walking around the building before the interview. Learning the native or working language is very important to enable communication and career progress even in Wà ¼rth’s unskilled warehouse multicultural working environment, marketing and management. Researched company has 126 employees in 379 departments of which 28 are migrants from Vietnam, Morocco, Kosovo, Germany, Russia, Estonia, Egypt, Kuwait, Bangladesh, Japan and Philippines. It hired the first foreign employee in 1990 but none of foreign employees has ever been promoted. This could be a multicultural working environment dark side or failure. Multicultural marketing in Finland might not be the right strategy or so lution for ambitious foreigners who are interested and  looking for quick career advancements or career progress if this is the case in most of the Finnish multicultural working places. Local Literature Sanchez, defines that many Filipino businesspersons hate competition of any kind. Because they believed that competition is always a bad omen.9 Competition brings many benefits in business such as the lowering of retail prices because you and competitors common suppliers can now offer lower wholesale prices due to lower delivery costs to the area.10 The small – scale entrepreneur, need to borrow follows from the need to grow. The more resources one commands, the most stable and viable an enterprise becomes. New products are made; more workers are employed; new market is tapped; new business prospects are opened and industrial development moves a step ahead.11 People go into business for a variety of reasons. They may go into business a owners and employers or as employee. The decision to go into business and not into some other activity as the priesthood or medicine or law, may be result of conscious thought and deliberate preparation over period of years. Or it may be due to the fact that a person finds no easier or more satisfactory way of earning a living. Whether a person goes into business as an employer or an employee, he faces the hazards of loss and other problems inherent in the conduct of business. Both owner and employee need essentially the same personal characteristics that are required to succeed. Both also enjoy certain values which are derived when people go into business. According to Young and Pagoso (2010) in their book entitled â€Å"Principles of Marketing† Marketing is the process by which demand structure for products and services is anticipated and uncharged and Agree through competition promotion change and physical distribution of such goods and servicesà ¢â‚¬ . In the Philippines, intermediate market, goods flow from the producers/manufacturers to the retailers. (3) The relationship between the retailer and manufacturer involves a two-way traffic, with the supply chain on one side and product management on the other. Retailers have the tendency to get involved in the supply chain for various reasons: (1) to ensure that the products are delivered to the shops on time and are of desirable quality, (2) to reduce the costs incurred when products are stocked in the retailer’s warehouses, and (3) to maintain a reputation of exclusivity where  the manufacturer will not supply to other retailers. If retailers tend to get involved in the supply chain management, the manufacturers also have reasons to exert particular control over some aspects of retailing. According to Regalado, 2007 case study about â€Å"Marketing Practitioners† there are broad scope of strategic planning encompasses: all the company offers all the products/services; All the markets serve; both environmental snd internal variables; production, research finance, and other organizational elements needed for success strategic planning looks beyond the immediate circumstances, in the process clarifying where Regalado want to be in the future. This strategic perspective can be contrasted to the tactical level and operational planning. According to Young and Pagoso (2010) in their study entitled â€Å"Principles Of Marketingâ€Å",that strategy and brand value and how these can be portrayed and communicated in difficult markets and challenging situations to restore reputation and gain competitive advantage. In today’s competitive and fast changing world the importance of having a clear strategy that not only delivers the desired business results and shareholder returns but also fulfills the brand promise and enhances corporate reputation is essential. Strategically investing in the brand and delivering on what you promise is, therefore, necessary as this will ultimately manifest itself in how the company is viewed externally which in turn will contribute to stakeholder perception over time. In the current global and complex environment where business knows no borders, consumers are more demanding, communication is instant and the benefits of years of hard work can be lost practically overnight, it is necessary to have the right strategy in place. This must have the required flexibility to respond to unexpected circumstances and do what is necessary to retain brand value and sustain corporate reputation. Companies are coming under increasing scrutiny to be more transparent in their dealings and behave ethically and how they react will reflect in their corporate image. A strategic approach is, therefore, called for that proactively manages corporate identity. This will inevitably involve appropriate and effective communication. Local Studies On 1991, Josephine Tuble of the University of Santo Tomas Graduate School made a study that concerns the productivity and job satisfaction of workers  in construction company in Metro Manila. These results to productivity level that was rated on the whole as â€Å"good† due to the following dimensions: quantity of work, quality of work, supervision required, attendance, and conservation. Also, the respondents of this study were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied because of low ratings made on promotion and pay aspects. In connection with this, the level of productivity is correlated with job satisfaction with regards to the nature of work, supervision, co-workers relationship and pay aspects. Moreover, sponsored by the American Studies Association of the Phils. Baguio Cordillera Chapter, Antonia Corinthia Naz accomplished a study regarding the factors that influences the labor Productivity of miners in Benguet. With this, it has been found that the productivity level vary according to mining methods and was significantly affected by technical factors followed by economic factors and personal factors. Major problems on labor productivity are: the need for more involvement in decision-making; thorough discussion on miners’ concerns; that the company adopts a variety of training methods; the need to be informed of the policies; the desire of workers for management to be more sensitive and responsive to workers’ concerns and the necessity for more and better quality of tools and equipment for underground work. Synthesis and Relevance to the present Study The gathered information, theories statements were taken from different books of management business small retailers, Law and Case studies. As of the present time there were no studies published yet that are concerning with the competitiveness of Shoe Retail Business that can be directly related to the subject and the research problem. Writings of the prominent authors of management. Were primarily used this is to determine the relationship, relevance and also the credibility of the present findings. Other authors and websites were able to constitute relevant data for this research. Local figures of economy and business were also able to make contributions. The gathered secondary data which are the studies and literature from local and foreign sources will serve as a basis on the analysis of data in this research study. The theories and statements cited in this chapter will  support the data result of this study. CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter discusses the methods and procedures used in this study. This includes the research design used, instruments used, validation of instrument used, data gathering procedure, respondents of the study, and statistical treatment of data. Research Design With the end view of the competitive advantages of Shoe Retail Stores, the researcher thought it proper and appropriate to use the descriptive type of research. Descriptive research is defined by best in the following ways: descriptive researches describes and interpret â€Å"what is†, it is concern with the conditions of relationships that exists practices that prevail beliefs processes that are going on, Effects that are being felt or trends that are developing. The process of descriptive research goes beyond more gathering and tabulation of data. It involves an element of interpretation of meaning of significance of what is described. Thus, description often combines with comparison and contrast involving measurement, classification interpretations. It is descriptive because it describes the present competitive advantages of Shoe Retail Stores in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex as assessed by its customers. Instruments Used The instrument used was a researcher-made. All parts of the questionnaire were constructed by the researcher. It was composed of three variables namely: Quality, Design and Price. Questionnaire- was the main tool used to gather the needed data and information for this study. Data Gathering Procedure The survey covered the Shoe Retail Stores in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex in the City of Santa Rosa. And the researchers personally distributed and retrieve the survey questionnaires in the area. And the researchers personally tabulated through statistical treatment. Description of the Respondents Table 1 The profile of the respondents in terms of Gender GENDER| FEMALE| MALE| | f| %| f| %| N= 100| 62| 62%| 38| 38%| Table 1 shows the profile of the respondents in terms of Gender. It reveals that out of 100 respondents, there were 62 or 62% female and 38 or 38% male respondents. Table 2 The profile of the respondents in terms of Age AGE| 20 BELOW| 21-25| 26-30| 31-35| 36 ABOVE| N=100| f| %| f| %| f| %| f| %| f| %| | 34| 34%| 28| 28%| 16| 16%| 13| 13%| 9| 9%| Table 3 shows the profile of the respondents in terms of Age. It reveals that out of 100 respondents, there were 34 of 20 below ages; followed by, 28 of ages 21-25; Next is, 16 of ages 26-30; then is 13 of ages 31-35 and 9of 36ages above of respondents. Population and Sample Size The researcher gather information through the use of questionnaire distributed to the customers that directly buying shoes at the area in the time and day we distribute questionnaires. The respondents are 100 through Accidental sampling that drawn from that part of the population which is close to hand. A sample population selected because it is readily available and convenient. Statistical Treatment of Data Simple statistical measures were employed in this study after the data were gathered through the questionnaires. Data were tallied, tabulated, analyze and interpret. The statistical tool used in this study is the following: 1. Simple Frequency Counts- this tool facilitates the tallying and counting of frequencies falling under each item or category. P=f/N*100 2. Percentage- the percentage was used to compare the proportion of frequencies of responses of the total number of responses. This was reinforcing by ranking to the note the order of importance of an item in the questionnaire. The formula is: P= f/N*100 Where: f= frequency of the observation under study N= Total number of respondents P= Percentage Value 3. The weighted arithmetic mean also used in this study. The formula is: Weighted mean= ∑ wf _______ F Where: ∑ wf= sum of weighted frequencies F= total frequency 4. Arbitrary Scale- The degree of their responses to the variables was done by assigning verbal interpretation to the given weights. Numerical Value Verbal Interpretation 4.21-5.00 Strongly Agree 3.41-4.20Agree 2.61-3.40 Moderately Agree 1.81-2.60 Disagree 1.00-1.80 Strongly Disagree 5. Chi-square test it is to determine the tallies or counts of categorical responses between two (or more) independent groups. Formula: CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA This chapter presents the tabulated, analyzed and interprets the data based on the questionnaires administered to the competitive advantages of shoe retail stores n Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex. Table 3 The profile of the respondents in terms of Civil Status CIVIL STATUS| SINGLE| MARRIED| | f| %| f| %| N= 100| 60| 60%| 40| 40%| Table 3 shows the profile of the respondents in terms of Civil Status. It reveals that out of 100 respondents, there were 60 or 60% single and 40 or 40% married respondents Table 4 The competitive advantages of shoe retail stores of Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex in terms of Quality QUALITYN= 100| TARGET MALL| BALIBAGO COMMERCIAL COMPLEX| | SingleN=60| MarriedN=40| SingleN=60| MarriedN=40| | -X| VI| -X| VI| -X| VI| -X| VI| 1.Durable| 3.47| Agree| 3.28| ModeratelyAgree| 3.67| Agree| 3.93| Agree| 2.Usable| 3.57| Agree| 3.77| Agree| 3.32| ModeratelyAgree| 3.50| Agree| 3.Malleable| 3.68| Agree| 3.28| ModeratelyAgree| 3.47| Agree| 3.45| Agree| 4.Stable| 3.62| Agree| 3.63| Agree| 3.50| Agree| 3.68| Agree| 5.Flexible| 3.47| Agree| 4.00| Agree| 3.57| Agree| 3.65| Agree| 6.Breathable| 3.70| Agree| 3.23| ModeratelyAgree| 3.65| Agree| 3.28| ModeratelyAgree| 7.Frangible| 3.38| ModeratelyAgree| 3.46| Agree| 3.75| Agree| 3.43| Agree| 8.Comfortable| 3.65| Agree| 3.16| ModeratelyAgree| 3.67| Agree| 4.13| Agree| 9.Inferiority| 3.32| ModeratelyAgree| 3.56| Agree| 3.52| Agree| 3.85| Agree| 10.Thickness| 3.53| Agree| 3.70| Agree| 3.42| Agree| 3.63| Agree| General weighted mean| 35.39(3.54)| Agree| 35.05(3.51)| Agree| 35.54(3.55)| Agree| 36.53(3.65)| Agree| It reveals that single respondents from Target Mall â€Å"Agreed’ that shoes were Breathable, Malleable, Stable, Usable, Thickness, Durable, Flexible, Frangible, Inferiority and Comfortable. With a weighted mean of 3.70, 3.68, 3.62, 3.57, 3.53, 3.47, 3.47, 3.38, 3.32 and 3.05 respectively. In this connection, married respondents from Target Mall â€Å"Agreed† that shoes were Flexible, Usable, Thickness, Stable, Inferiority, Frangible, Durable, Malleable, Breathable and Comfortable. With a weighted mean of 4.00, 3.77, 3.70, 3.63, 3.56, 3.46, 3.28, 3.28, 3.23 and 3.16 respectively. While Balibago Commercial Complex single respondents agreed that shoes were Frangible, Durable, Comfortable, Breathable, Flexible, Inferiority, Stable, Malleable, Thickness and Usable. With a weighted mean of 3.75, 3.62, 3.67, 3.65, 3.57, 3.52, 3.50, 3.47, 3.42 and 3.32 respectively. Furthermore, Balibago Commercial Complex married respondents â€Å"Agreed† that shoes were Comfortable, Durable, Inferiority, Stable, Flexible, Thickness, Usable, Malleable Frangible and Breathable. With a weighted mean of 4.13, 3.93, 3.85, 3.68, 3.65, 3.63, 3.50, 3.45, 3.43 and 3.28 respectively. Table 5 The competitive advantages of shoe retail stores of Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex in terms of Design DESIGNN= 100| TARGET MALL| BALIBAGO COMMERCIAL COMPLEX| | SingleN=60| MarriedN=40| SingleN=60| MarriedN=40| | -X| VI| -X| VI| -X| VI| -X| VI| 1.Noticeable| 3.62| Agree| 4.00| Agree| 3.28| ModeratelyAgree| 3.63| Agree| 2.Stunning| 3.53| Agree| 3.56| Agree| 3.43| Agree| 3.48| Agree| 3.Presentable| 3.48| Agree| 3.58| Agree| 3.43| Agree| 2.58| Disagree| 4.Newly Hip| 3.50| Agree| 3.46| Agree| 3.57| Agree| 3.60| Agree| 5.Unique| 3.42| Agree| 3.75| Agree| 3.62| Agree| 3.63| Agree| 6.Popularly Brand| 3.25| ModeratelyAgree| 3.63| Agree| 3.52| Agree| 3.88| Agree| 7.Exceptionable| 3.30| ModeratelyAgree| 3.50| Agree| 3.68| Agree| 3.80| Agree| 8.Simple| 3.57| Agree| 3.73| Agree| 3.23| ModeratelyAgree| 3.60| Agree| 9.Common/Ordinary| 3.52| Agree| 3.50| Agree| 3.57| Agree| 4.40| StronglyAgree| 10.Favorable| 3.60| Agree| 3.85| Agree| 3.50| Agree| 3.90| Agree| General weighted mean| 34.79(3.48)| Agree| 36.56(3.66)| Agree| 34.83(3.48)| Agree| 36.50(3.65)| Agree| It reveals that single respondents from Target Mall â€Å"Agreed’ that shoes were Noticeable, Favorable, Simple, Stunning, Common/Ordinary, Newly hip,  Presentable, Unique, Exceptionable, Popularly brand. With a weighted mean of 3.62, 3.60, 3.57, 3.53, 3.52, 3.50, 3.48, 3.42, 3.30, 3.25 respectively. While the Married respondents from Target Mall â€Å"Agreed† that shoes were Noticeable, Favorable, Unique, Simple, Popularly brand, Presentable, Stunning, Common/Ordinary, Exceptionable and Newly hip. With a weighted mean of 4.00, 3.85, 3.75, 3.73, 3.63, 3.58, 3.56, 3.50, 3.50 and 3.46 respectively. In this connection, Balibago Commercial Complex Single respondents agreed that shoes were Exceptionable, Unique, Common/Ordinary, Newly hip, Popularly brand, Favorable, Presentable, Stunning, Noticeable and Simple. With a weighted mean of 3.68, 3.62, 3.57, 3.57, 3.52, 3.50, 3.43, 3.43, 3.28 and 3.23 respectively. While married respondents agreed that shoes were Common/Ordina ry, Favorable, Popularly brand, Exceptionable, Noticeable, Unique, Newly hip, Simple, Presentable and Stunning. With a weighted mean of 4.40, 3.90, 3.88, 3.80, 3.63, 3.63, 3.60, 3.60, 3.58 and 2.58 respectively. Table 6 The competitive advantages of shoe retail stores of Target Malland Balibago Commercial Complex in terms of Price PRICEN= 100| TARGET MALL| BALIBAGO COMMERCIAL COMPLEX| | SingleN=60| MarriedN=40| SingleN=60| MarriedN=40| | -X| VI| -X| VI| -X| VI| -X| VI| 1.Affordable| 3.63| Agree| 3.85| Agree| 3.70| Agree| 3.90| Agree| 2.Low| 3.35| ModeratelyAgree| 3.65| Agree| 3.50| Agree| 3.95| Agree| 3.Discountable| 3.42| Agree| 3.73| Agree| 3.48| Agree| 3.83| Agree| 4.Standard| 3.65| Agree| 3.80| Agree| 3.68| Agree| 3.95| Agree| 5.Invariable| 3.55| Agree| 3.48| Agree| 3.53| Agree| 3.70| Agree| 6.Equality| 3.58| Agree| 3.50| Agree| 3.60| Agree| 3.83| Agree| 7.Elastic| 3.53| Agree| 3.90| Agree| 3.40| Agree| 4.20| Agree| 8.Zone pricing| 3.48| Agree| 3.63| Agree| 3.52| Agree| 3.73| Agree| 9.Acceptable| 3.42| Agree| 3.50| Agree| 3.68| Agree| 4.05| Agree| 10.Visible| 3.50| Agree| 3.85| Agree| 3.27| ModeratelyAgree| 3.95| Agree| General weighted mean| 35.11(3.51)| Agree| 36.89(3.69)| Agree| 35.36(3.54)| Agree| 39.09(3.91)| Agree| It reveals that single respondents from Target Mall â€Å"Agreed’ that shoes were Standard, Affordable, Equality, Invariable, Elastic, Visible, Zone pricing, Acceptable, Discountable and Low. With a weighted mean of 3.65, 3.63, 3.58, 3.55, 3.53, 3.50, 3.48, 3.42, 3.42 and 3.35 respectively. While Married respondents from Target Mall â€Å"Agreed† that shoes were, Elastic, Affordable, Visible, Standard, Discountable, Low, Zone pricing, Acceptable, Equality and Invariable. With a weighted mean of 3.90, 3.85, 3.85, 3.80, 3.73, 3.65, 3.62, 3.50, 3.50 and 3.48. In this regard, Balibago Commercial Complex single respondents â€Å"Agreed† that shoes were Affordable, Acceptable, Standard, Equality, Invariable, Zone pricing, Low, Discountable, Elastic and Visible. With a weighted mean of 3.70, 3.68, 3.68, 3.60, 3.53, 3.52, 3.50, 3.48, 3.40 and 3.27 respectively. While married respondents â€Å"Agreed† that shoes were Elastic, Acceptable, Low, Standard, Visible, Af fordable, Discountable, Equality, Zone pricing and Invariable. With a weighted mean of 4.20, 4.05, 3.95, 3.95, 3.95, 3.90, 3.83, 3.83, 3.70 respectively. Table 7 The significant difference between the competitive advantages of shoe retail stores in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex, when they grouped according to Civil Status | X  ²| df| Probability level| Difference between the competitive advantages of shoe retail stores in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex, when they grouped according to Civil Status.| 0| 1| 0.5| Table 7 shows that there is no significance difference between the competitive advantages of shoe retail stores in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex when they are grouped according to civil status as revealed by the computed chi-square X  ² 0 0.5. We accept the hypothesis that we fail to reject the Ho otherwise. Interpretation: Ho: There is a no significant difference between the competitive advantages of shoe retailer Stores in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex, when they grouped according to civil status. Ha: There is a significant  difference between the competitive advantages of shoe retailer Stores in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex, when they grouped according to civil status. Test Statistics: Decision Rule: Reject Ho if X  ² (0.5), if fail to reject Ho otherwise. Computation: X  ² = 0 Decision: Since = X  ² = 0 is 0.5, we accept Ho. Conclusion: At X  ² = 0 0.5, we have enough confidence to conclude that there is no significant difference between Single and Married respondents. Thus, we would fail to reject the null hypothesis that there is a significant difference between the competitive advantages of shoe retailer Stores in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex, when they grouped according to civil status. CHAPTER V SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This study was conducted to determine the competitive advantages of Shoe Retail Stores. Specific points of concerns are the customers of Shoe retail stores as regards to Quality, Design and Price. The researcher though proper and appropriate to use the descriptive type of research where it can concerned with conditions of relationships that exists practices that prevail, beliefs, processes that are going on, effects that are being felt or trend that are developing. The questionnaire was the main tool used to gather the needed dat6a and information for this study. Statistical measures were employed in this study after the data were gathered through questionnaires. Data were tallied, tabulated, analyze and interpret. The statistical used in this study are simple frequency counts, percentage, and arbitrary scale. With all these statistical tools, answers to the following questions were sought. Findings 1. On the profile of respondents in terms of Gender It reveals that out of 100 respondents, there were 62 female and 38 male respondents. 2. On the profile of respondents in terms of Civil Status It  reveals that out of 100 respondents, there were 60 single and 40 married respondents. 3. On the profile of respondents in terms of Age It reveals that out of 100 respondents, there were 34 of 20 below ages; followed by, 28 of ages 21-25; Next is, 16 of ages 26-30; then is 13 of ages 31-35 and 9 of 36ages above of respondents 4. The competitive advantages of shoe retail stores in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex in terms of Quality It reveals that single respondents in Target Mall got â€Å"Agree† rating with a general weighted mean of 3.54, while Married respondents got â€Å"Agree† rating also. And single respondents in Balibago Commercial Complex got â€Å"Agree† rating with a general weighted mean of 3.55, while Married respondents got â€Å"Agree† rating also. 5. The competitive advantages of shoe retail stores in Balibago Commercial Complex in terms of Designs It reveals that single respondents in Target Mall got â€Å"Agree† rating with a general weighted mean of 3.48, while Married respondents got â€Å"Agree† rating also. And single respondents in Balibago Commercial Complex got â€Å"Agree† rating with a general weighted mean of 3.48, while Married respondents got â€Å"Agree† rating also. 6. The competitive advantages of shoe retail stores in Balibago Commercial Complex in terms of Price It reveals that single respondents in Target Mall got â€Å"Agree† rating with a general weighted mean of 3.51, while Married respondents got â€Å"Agree† rating also. And single respondents in Balibago Commercial Complex got â€Å"Agree† rating with a general weighted mean of 3.54, while Married respondents got â€Å"Agree† rating also. 7. On the significant difference between the competitive advantages of shoe retail stores in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex, when they grouped according to Civil Status It reveals that there is no significance difference between the competitive advantages of shoe retail stores in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex when they are grouped according to civil status as revealed by the computed chi-square X  ² 0 0.5. We accept the hypothesis that we fail to reject the Ho otherwise. Conclusions In the light of the above findings, the following conclusions can be made. 1. On the profile of the respondents That, most of the respondents were, Female, Single and ages 20 and below. 2. The competitive advantages of shoe retail stores in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex in terms of Quality That, most of the single and married respondents in agreed in Balibago Commercial Complex 3. The competitive advantages of shoe retail stores in Balibago Commercial Complex in terms of Designs That, Single respondents agreed on both Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex, and married respondents agreed on Target Mall. 4. The competitive advantages of shoe retail stores in Balibago Commercial Complex in terms of Price That, Single and married respondents got agreed on Balibago Commercial Complex 5. On the significant difference between the responses of the respondents in terms of competitive advantages of shoe retailer Stores in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex, when they grouped according to civil status That, there is no significance difference between the responses of the resp ondents in terms of competitive advantages of shoe retail stores in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex when they are grouped according to civil status. Recommendations 1. The competitive advantages of Shoe Retail Stores in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex in terms of Quality Shoe Retail Stores at Target Mall should improve the quality of their product by choosing appropriate manufacturer that can produce well-made and high-quality shoes. It should measure such as the enjoyment the customer will get from the product. It is important that the product is changed as necessary to bring it up to date and prevent it from being overtaken by competitors. 2. The competitive advantages of Shoe Retail Stores in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex in terms of Design Customers are slightly satisfied with the design that Target Mall can offer. And Balibago Commercial Complex should improve their shoe designs by browsing latest and newly hip style so that satisfied customers are likely to recommend the products. 3. The competitive advantages of Shoe Retail Stores in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex in terms of Price Since these two is the most appropriate shopping point because of its affordable price, improvements should be further from the equivalent quality. It is very important that the correct price is  charged for a product. If the price is too high consumers will avoid the product, as they will believe it to be too expensive yet if the product is priced too low they may believe that there is something wrong with the product for it to be so cheap. List of Appendices Appendix A Cover Letter Appendix B Certification Appendix C Sample Questionnaire Appendix D Sample Computation of Chi-Square (x2) Test Appendix E Matrix of the Study Appendix F Curriculum Vitae APPENDIX A APPENDIX B POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS City of Santa Rosa, Laguna CERTIFICATION I Rowena Dichoso is hereby certify that the group of Cyndie Katigbak , John Ryan Lopez, Rizza Ann Salen, Rica Joy Sasa and Ryan Villegas who conducted a research entitled â€Å"The Competitive Advantages of shoe retailer stores in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex Complex† have consulted me as their Statistician. ___________________________ Rowena Dichoso APPENDIX C The Competitive Advantage of Shoe Retail Stores in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE NAME (Optional):______________________________________ GENDER: Female ( ) Male ( ) AGE: 20 Below( ) 21-25( ) CIVIL STATUS: 26-36( ) Single( ) 31-35( ) Married( ) 36 Above( ) Instruction: Choose the best rating that corresponds to your answer by putting a check mark () in the box on the right side of the statement. LEGENDS: 5- Strongly Agree| 4- Agree| 3-ModeratelyAgree| 2- Disagree| 1- Strongly Disagree| TARGET MALL BALIBAGO COMMERCIAL COMPLEX QUALITY| 5| 4| 3| 2| 1| | 5| 4| 3| 2| 1| 1.Durable(matibay at pangmatagalan)| | | | | | | | | | | | 2.Usable(magagamit kahit saan)| | | | | | | | | | | | 3.Malleable(malambot)| | | | | | | | | | | | 4.Stable(magaandalhin)| | | | | | | | | | | | 5.Flexible(nababaluktot)| | | | | | | | | | | | 6.Breathable(hindi masikip sa paa)| | | | | | | | | | | | 7.Fragible(marupok)| | | | | | | | | | | | 8.Comfortable(komportable)| | | | | | | | | | | | 9.Inferiority(mababangklase)| | | | | | | | | | | | 10.Thickness(makapal at masinsin)| | | | | | | | | | | | TARGET MALL BALIBAGO COMMERCIAL COMPLEX DESIGN| 5| 4| 3| 2| 1| | 5| 4| 3| 2| 1| 1.Noticeable(kapansin-pansin)| | | | | | | | | | | | 2.Stunning(napakaganda)| | | | | | | | | | | | 3.Presentable(kaakit-akit sa paningin)| | | | | | | | | | | | 4.Newly hip and style(sunod sa uso)| | | | | | | | | | | | 5.Unique(Walang katulad)| | | | | | | | | | | | 6.Popularly brand(kilala at tanyag)| | | | | | | | | | | | 7.Exeptionable(kakaiba sa lahat)| | | | | | | | | | | | 8.Simple(payak)| | | | | | | | | | | | 9Common/Ordinary(karaniwan)| | | | | | | | | | | | 10.Favorable(gusto ng karamihan)| | | | | | | | | | | | TARGET MALL BALIBAGO COMMERCIAL COMPLEX PRICE| 5| 4| 3| 2| 1| | 5| 4| 3| 2| 1| 1.Affortable(abot-kaya)| | | | | | | | | | | | 2.Low(mura)| | | | | | | | | | | | 3.Discountable(pwedeng tawaran)| | | | | | | | | | | | 4.Standard(May pamantayan ang halaga)| | | | | | | | | | | | 5.Invariable(hindi nagbabago)| | | | | | | | | | | | 6.Equality(pare-pareho/pantay-pantay)| | | | | | | | | | | | 7.Elastic(pabago-bago)| | | | | | | | | | | | 8.Zone Pricing(ang presyo ay depende kung saan nanggaling/nagmula ang produkto)| | | | | | | | | | | | 9.Acceptable(katanggap-tanggap)| | | | | | | | | | | | 10.Visible(nakikita ang presyo)| | | | | | | | | | | | APPENDIX D Sample Computation of Chi- Square X  ² Test 1. Ho: There is a no significant difference between the competitive advantages of shoe retailer Stores in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex, when they grouped according to civil status. Ha: There is a significant difference between the competitive advantages of shoe retailer Stores in Target Mall and Balibago Commercial Complex, when they grouped according to civil status. 2. Expected Frequencies E= (row total) (column total) Grand Total Observed| Expected| (O-E)| (O-E)  ²| (O-E)  ²/E| 60| 60| 0| 0| 0| 60| 60| 0| 0| 0| 40| 40| 0| 0| 0| 40| 40| 0| 0| 0| X  ² = 0 Probability Level: 1.000 Degrees of freedom: 1 Df = n-1 (where n is the no. of categories) Fe computation: E = (60+60) (60+40)/200=60 E = (60+60) (60+40)/200=60 E = (60+40) (40+40)/200=40 E = (60+40) (40+40)/200=40 APPENDIX E APPENDIX F BIBLIOGRAPHIES [ 2 ]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retail [ 3 ]. Pagoso. â€Å"Introductory Microeconomics† 2006. [ 4 ]. Paul Sammuelson. â€Å"Consumer Behavior† 2000. [ 5 ]. Leano. â€Å"Fundamentals of Microeconomics† 2008. [ 6 ]. Pagoso. â€Å"Introductory Microeconomics† 2006. [ 7 ]. Whittington,â€Å"What is Strategy – and does it matter†. 2006 [ 8 ]. Satterwaite, â€Å"Going shopping†. 2005 [ 9 ]. Nigel Hill, Handbook of customer satisfaction and Loyalty measurement, 1996, p.7 [ 10 ]. Porter Whittington, â€Å"shopping competitions†. 1999 [ 11 ]. Armstrong and Kotler, Marketing: an intoduction, 2005,p.17 [ 12 ]. Murell, â€Å"Empowering employees† 2005. [ 13 ]. Johnson, â€Å"Principles of controlled maintenance management† 2007. [ 14 ]. Max Ahlgren andJacob Goldmann. â€Å"The Internationalization of Swedish SMEs: how does internationalization affect individual firm’s capital and credit risk structure?† 2012. http://www.essays.se/essay/955a4118fa/ [ 15 ]. Esther Nzungwa Leander . â€Å"Cultural labour management in Finland: Multicultural Working environment in Riihimà ¤ki Wà ¼rth Ltd., Finland; MBA-thesis in marketing†. 2010. [ 16 ]. Young and Pagoso, â€Å"Principles of Marketing†. 2010 [ 17 ]. In the Philippine setting, manufacturers usually have a distributor and do not directly deal with the retailers. [ 18 ]. Regalado, â€Å"Marketing Practitioners†. 2007 [ 19 ]. Young and Pagoso, â€Å"Principles of Marketing† 2010 [ 20 ]. Tuble, Josephine. â€Å"Productivity and Job satisfaction of workers in construction company in Metro Manila† 1991. 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